Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
Vaporization01:18

Vaporization

The physical form of a substance changes by changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. For vaporization to occur, kinetic energy must be greater than the intermolecular forces that keep molecules bonded. The amount of energy needed to vaporize a quantity of liquid at a given pressure and a constant temperature is called the heat of vaporization. When...
Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria01:01

Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria

Distillation is a separation technique that takes advantage of the boiling point properties of disparate elements in a mixture. To perform distillation, we begin by heating a miscible mixture of two liquids with a significant difference in boiling points (at least 20°C). As the solution heats up and reaches the bubble point of the more volatile component, some molecules of the more volatile component transition into the gas phase and travel upward into the condenser, which is a glass tube with...
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Observation of a New Charmed Baryon Decaying to Ξ_{c}^{+}π^{-}π^{+}.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Evidence for B^{-}→D^{**0}τ^{-}ν_{τ}[over ¯] Decays.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Observation of Collider Neutrinos without Final State Muons with the SND@LHC Experiment.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Test of Lepton Flavor Universality with B_{s}^{0}→ϕℓ^{+}ℓ^{-} Decays.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Observation of the Open-Charm Tetraquark Candidate T_{cs0}^{*}(2870)^{0} in the B^{-}→D^{-}D^{0}K_{S}^{0} Decay.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Study of Λ_{b}^{0} and Ξ_{b}^{0} Decays to Λh^{+}h^{'-} and Evidence for CP Violation in Λ_{b}^{0}→ΛK^{+}K^{-} Decays.

Physical review letters·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Fabrication of Ultra-thin Color Films with Highly Absorbing Media Using Oblique Angle Deposition
06:30

Fabrication of Ultra-thin Color Films with Highly Absorbing Media Using Oblique Angle Deposition

Published on: August 29, 2017

Evaporated inhomogeneous thin films.

R Jacobsson1, J Olof Måensson

  • 1of Optical Research,Stockholm, Sweden.

Applied Optics
|January 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Researchers investigated inhomogeneous anti-reflection coatings for visible and infrared light. Optimizing the refractive index profile significantly reduced reflectance in CeO(2)-MgF(2) and ZnS-Na(3)AIF(6) coatings.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optics
  • Thin Film Technology

Background:

  • Anti-reflection coatings are crucial for optical systems, minimizing unwanted light reflection.
  • Developing coatings with tailored optical properties for specific spectral regions is an ongoing challenge.
  • Inhomogeneous coatings offer potential for improved performance over traditional homogeneous layers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically and experimentally investigate inhomogeneous anti-reflection coatings.
  • To explore the use of cerium dioxide-magnesium fluoride (CeO(2)-MgF(2)) and zinc sulfide-sodium hexafluoroaluminate (ZnS-Na(3)AIF(6)) systems.
  • To determine the impact of refractive index profiling on reflectance reduction.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of inhomogeneous thin film structures.

More Related Videos

Electrospray Deposition of Uniform Thickness Ge23Sb7S70 and As40S60 Chalcogenide Glass Films
08:38

Electrospray Deposition of Uniform Thickness Ge23Sb7S70 and As40S60 Chalcogenide Glass Films

Published on: August 19, 2016

Development of Efficient OLEDs from Solution Deposition
07:09

Development of Efficient OLEDs from Solution Deposition

Published on: November 4, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Fabrication of Ultra-thin Color Films with Highly Absorbing Media Using Oblique Angle Deposition
06:30

Fabrication of Ultra-thin Color Films with Highly Absorbing Media Using Oblique Angle Deposition

Published on: August 29, 2017

Electrospray Deposition of Uniform Thickness Ge23Sb7S70 and As40S60 Chalcogenide Glass Films
08:38

Electrospray Deposition of Uniform Thickness Ge23Sb7S70 and As40S60 Chalcogenide Glass Films

Published on: August 19, 2016

Development of Efficient OLEDs from Solution Deposition
07:09

Development of Efficient OLEDs from Solution Deposition

Published on: November 4, 2022

  • Experimental fabrication and characterization of CeO(2)-MgF(2) and ZnS-Na(3)AIF(6) coatings.
  • Optical reflectance measurements across visible and infrared spectra.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant reflectance reduction was achieved by optimizing the refractive index profile in inhomogeneous coatings.
    • CeO(2)-MgF(2) and ZnS-Na(3)AIF(6) coatings demonstrated effective anti-reflection properties in the visible spectrum.
    • Germanium-magnesium fluoride (Ge-MgF(2)) films on germanium (Ge) substrates showed low infrared reflectance with minimal wavelength dependence.

    Conclusions:

    • Inhomogeneous anti-reflection coatings offer a viable route to enhanced optical performance.
    • Tailoring the refractive index profile is a key strategy for minimizing reflectance.
    • The studied materials provide effective solutions for visible and infrared anti-reflection applications.