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Related Concept Videos

Leveling Equipment01:18

Leveling Equipment

As leveling involves measuring vertical distances relative to a horizontal line of sight, it requires a graduated rod, called a level rod, for vertical measurements and an instrument called a level for a horizontal sight line. A level includes a high-powered telescope with a mechanism for leveling to ensure the line of sight is horizontal when the bubble in the spirit level is centered. Leveling rods, made of wood, metal, or fiberglass, are graduated in feet or meters and commonly used in two-...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

A Protocol for Real-time 3D Single Particle Tracking
10:16

A Protocol for Real-time 3D Single Particle Tracking

Published on: January 3, 2018

Precision laser automatic tracking system.

R F Lucy1, C J Peters, E J McGann

  • 1Applied Research Laboratory, Sylvania Electronic Systems, a Division of Sylvania ElectricProducts Inc., 40 Sylvan Road, Waltham, Massachusetts 02154, USA.

Applied Optics
|January 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new precision laser tracker accurately tracks low-acceleration targets. High-acceleration tracking error is proportional to angular acceleration, demonstrating the system's dynamic capabilities for various applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Optical Engineering
  • Tracking Systems
  • Laser Technology

Background:

  • Precision tracking systems are crucial for various scientific and defense applications.
  • Existing systems face limitations in accuracy and sensitivity, especially with dynamic targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and test a novel precision laser tracker with enhanced accuracy and sensitivity.
  • To evaluate the tracker's performance under both low and high acceleration conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of a laser tracker utilizing a laser, image dissector, and servocontrolled mirror.
  • Experimental validation using a rocket with retroreflective material for dynamic testing.
  • Sensitivity assessment using a retroreflector on a light aircraft and passive tracking of celestial objects.

Main Results:

  • Achieved tracking accuracy of approximately 25 microrad RMS for low-acceleration targets.
  • Demonstrated error directly proportional to angular acceleration, with 0.1 mrad error at 0.6 rad/sec^2.
  • Confirmed daytime sensitivity of 3 x 10^-10 W/m^2 and nighttime sensitivity of 3 x 10^-14 W/m^2.
  • Successfully tracked targets up to 15 km range and passive stars to +7.5 magnitude, with potential for +12.5 magnitude stars.

Conclusions:

  • The developed precision laser tracker offers high accuracy for low-acceleration targets.
  • The system exhibits predictable performance with high-acceleration targets, directly related to angular acceleration.
  • The tracker demonstrates robust sensitivity for both daytime and nighttime operations, with potential for astronomical observations.