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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
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Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
09:02

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Published on: February 2, 2021

The impact of experimental hypoperfusion on subsequent kidney function.

Takao Saotome1, Ken Ishikawa, Clive N May

  • 1Howard Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.

Intensive Care Medicine
|January 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Short-term and sustained renal hypoperfusion did not cause lasting kidney damage. Even severe reductions in renal blood flow (RBF) allowed for rapid recovery, suggesting hypoperfusion alone doesn't cause acute kidney injury (AKI).

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Noninvasive and Invasive Renal Hypoxia Monitoring in a Porcine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock
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Noninvasive and Invasive Renal Hypoxia Monitoring in a Porcine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock

Published on: October 28, 2022

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
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Published on: February 2, 2021

Noninvasive and Invasive Renal Hypoxia Monitoring in a Porcine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock
07:48

Noninvasive and Invasive Renal Hypoxia Monitoring in a Porcine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock

Published on: October 28, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Nephrology
  • Renal Medicine

Background:

  • Renal hypoperfusion is a critical factor in acute kidney injury (AKI).
  • Understanding the kidney's response to varying degrees of reduced blood flow is crucial for clinical management.
  • The threshold for irreversible kidney damage from hypoperfusion versus ischemia requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the short- and medium-term renal hemodynamic and functional responses to both short and sustained hypoperfusion.
  • To determine if severe hypoperfusion, unlike total ischemia, can induce persistent AKI.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational study in 11 conscious Merinos ewes.
  • Unilateral nephrectomy followed by implantation of a vascular occluder and flow probe on the remaining renal artery.
  • Controlled reduction of renal blood flow (RBF) by 25%, 50%, 75% for 30 minutes, and 80% for 2 hours.

Main Results:

  • Short-term hypoperfusion (30 min) at 25-75% did not impair renal function.
  • Sustained severe hypoperfusion (80% for 2 hours) transiently decreased urine output and creatinine clearance, increasing plasma creatinine.
  • All measured variables returned to baseline within 8 hours and remained normal for 72 hours, with normal kidney histology post-mortem.

Conclusions:

  • Transient renal hypoperfusion does not lead to prolonged renal dysfunction.
  • Severe, sustained hypoperfusion is insufficient to cause persistent AKI in the absence of total ischemia.
  • The kidney exhibits remarkable resilience and rapid recovery from significant, but incomplete, reductions in blood flow.