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Rapid Nanoprobe Signal Enhancement by In Situ Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis
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Using nanoparticles to push the limits of detection.

Nathan J Wittenberg1, Christy L Haynes

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology
|January 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Nanoparticles enhance assays by improving signal detection and enabling multiplexing. Their unique properties offer new ways to boost sensor performance and detection limits in various applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Nanoparticles exhibit unique size-dependent chemical and physical properties.
  • These properties offer opportunities to improve traditional signal transduction methods in assays and sensors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To organize and review commonly exploited nanoparticle amplification schemes.
  • To categorize these schemes based on detection methods used to monitor nanoparticle properties.

Main Methods:

  • Review of semiconductor quantum dots for photostability and brightness.
  • Analysis of noble metal nanoparticles for increased extinction coefficients.
  • Exploration of magnetic labels for molecular separation.
  • Investigation of 'barcoded' nanoparticles for multiplexing.

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  • Examination of conductivity changes, generated current, and nanoparticle mass for signal amplification.

    • Main Results:

    • Common approaches in nanoparticle amplification emerge across different materials and detection schemes.
    • Specific examples include enhanced photostability, brightness, extinction coefficients, and signal amplification through various mechanisms.
    • Nanoparticles facilitate improved separation and multiplexing capabilities.

    Conclusions:

    • Nanoparticle amplification schemes significantly improve assay performance and sensor limits of detection.
    • There is substantial potential for novel applications of nanoparticles in assay and sensor development.
    • Continued research can lead to the development of as-yet-unimagined ways to leverage nanoparticle properties.