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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview01:29

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...
Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which result in visible changes...
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...

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Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
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Nanogenomics in medicine.

Claudio Nicolini1

  • 1Biophysics Chair, CIRSDNNOB and Fondazione EL.B.A., Nanoworld Institute University of Genova, Corso Europa 30, 16132 Genoa, Italy. manuscript@ibf.unige.it

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers nanogenomics technology advancements and medical uses. It highlights gene microarray developments and recent research from various laboratories.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Medical Science

Background:

  • Nanogenomics integrates nanotechnology with genomic analysis.
  • Technological progress is rapidly advancing the field.
  • Applications in medicine are expanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of nanogenomics technology.
  • To discuss its diverse applications in medicine.
  • To highlight recent advancements in gene microarrays.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of nanogenomics research.
  • Focus on gene microarray technologies.
  • Synthesis of findings from multiple research groups.

Main Results:

  • Significant technological developments in nanogenomics.
  • Demonstrated utility of nanogenomics in medical diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • Progress in gene microarray platforms for enhanced analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Nanogenomics holds immense potential for revolutionizing medicine.
  • Continued innovation in nanogenomics is expected.
  • Collaborative research efforts are crucial for future breakthroughs.