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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become anucleated and die, but their...
Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence01:20

Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence

Pathogenic bacteria employ a variety of strategies to establish infections, including the secretion of extracellular enzymes that act as potent virulence factors. These enzymes facilitate bacterial colonization of host tissues and help evade immune surveillance. By targeting structural components of host tissues and interfering with immune mechanisms, these enzymes play a pivotal role in disease progression.Extracellular Enzymes Facilitating Tissue Invasion: Several bacterial pathogens secrete...
Cellular Injury IV: Necrosis01:16

Cellular Injury IV: Necrosis

Necrosis is a form of irreversible cell death caused by severe injury such as ischemia, toxins, or trauma. Unlike programmed cell death, it is an uncontrolled, pathological process that typically provokes inflammation in surrounding tissues.Pathophysiologic ChangesNecrosis begins when cells sustain critical damage, leading to swelling of organelles, particularly mitochondria, and rapid ATP depletion. As energy levels decline, membrane ion pumps fail, leading to calcium influx and eventually,...
Amebiasis01:28

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

A Neonatal BALB/c Mouse Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
05:39

A Neonatal BALB/c Mouse Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Published on: November 30, 2021

Is "transfusion-associated necrotizing enterocolitis" an authentic pathogenic entity?

Robert D Christensen1, Diane K Lambert, Erick Henry

  • 1Department of Women and Newborns, Intermountain Healthcare, Ogden, Utah 84403, USA. rdchris4@ihc.com

Transfusion
|January 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) after blood transfusion is linked to feeding practices. Modifying milk intake before and during transfusions may reduce NEC prevalence in neonates.

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Microfluidic Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Incorporating Human Neonatal Intestinal Enteroids and a Dysbiotic Microbiome

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

A Neonatal BALB/c Mouse Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
05:39

A Neonatal BALB/c Mouse Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Published on: November 30, 2021

A Novel Human Epithelial Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
08:42

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Microfluidic Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Incorporating Human Neonatal Intestinal Enteroids and a Dysbiotic Microbiome
06:51

Microfluidic Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Incorporating Human Neonatal Intestinal Enteroids and a Dysbiotic Microbiome

Published on: July 28, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal intensive care
  • Pediatric surgery
  • Transfusion medicine

Background:

  • Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious condition in premature infants.
  • The association between blood transfusions and NEC is not fully understood.
  • Investigating a potential causal link between transfusions and NEC is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare neonates who developed surgical NEC post-transfusion with those who developed NEC without a preceding transfusion.
  • To analyze blood characteristics and feeding practices in NEC cases and controls.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of neonates with and without post-transfusion NEC.
  • Assessment of blood used for transfusions.
  • Evaluation of feeding practices in the 24 hours before and during transfusion.

Main Results:

  • Infants with post-transfusion NEC were born earlier and had lower birth weights.
  • NEC developed later in the neonatal intensive care unit course for those with post-transfusion NEC.
  • Increased milk volumes and bovine-based products were associated with NEC during transfusion periods.

Conclusions:

  • About one-third of surgical NEC cases occurred after a transfusion.
  • Feeding practices immediately before and during red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are potential targets for reducing post-transfusion NEC.
  • Further research into feeding strategies during transfusions is warranted.