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Related Concept Videos

Language01:16

Language

Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs. “eh”). Phonemes combine to...
Sample Handling01:02

Sample Handling

Transportation of samples from the collection point to the laboratory, as well as storage and preservation techniques, are crucial for maintaining sample integrity and ensuring accurate and reliable test results.
Samples should be transported carefully from collection points to the laboratory. They should be properly sealed and clearly labeled to prevent cross-contamination. To preserve the sample integrity, optimal temperature conditions during transport are essential. This could involve using...
Systematic Sampling Method01:17

Systematic Sampling Method

Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
Systematic sampling is one of the simplest methods...
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Mining Spatial Transcriptomics Datasets using DeepSpaceDB
10:16

Mining Spatial Transcriptomics Datasets using DeepSpaceDB

Published on: September 5, 2025

Using language sample databases.

John J Heilmann1, Jon F Miller, Ann Nockerts

  • 1Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Mail Stop #668, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858-4353, USA. heilmannj@ecu.edu

Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools
|January 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Language sample analysis (LSA) using Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT) databases effectively identifies children with language impairment. These databases aid in the clinical management of pediatric language disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Clinical Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Language sample analysis (LSA) has evolved into a vital clinical tool.
  • The Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT) software project has compiled extensive databases.
  • These databases contain language samples from over 6,000 typically developing children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an overview of the SALT databases.
  • To demonstrate the utility of SALT databases in classifying children with language impairment.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of LSA in identifying language disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Elicited conversational language samples from 244 children (3-13 years) with language impairment.
  • Compared transcript measures to a SALT conversational database of typical speakers.
  • Utilized discriminant function analyses to assess classification accuracy.

Main Results:

  • LSA measures demonstrated effectiveness in classifying children by language status.
  • Achieved 78% correct identification for children with language impairment.
  • Achieved 85% correct identification for typically developing children.

Conclusions:

  • The SALT databases serve as a valuable resource for clinical practice.
  • LSA, supported by SALT databases, aids in the diagnosis and management of pediatric language impairment.
  • These findings support the use of LSA in identifying children needing language intervention.