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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
06:53

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Published on: March 1, 2017

Three-part Oppel-Kundt illusory figure.

Algis Bertulis1, Tadas Surkys, Aleksandr Bulatov

  • 1Institute of Biology, Kaunas University of Medicine, Kaunas, Lithuania.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|January 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The Oppel-Kund illusion

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Visual Perception
  • Psychophysics

Background:

  • The Oppel-Kundt illusion demonstrates how filled spaces can alter length perception.
  • Previous research suggests filled elements influence illusory effects in visual stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the Oppel-Kundt illusion using modified stimuli.
  • To quantify the illusion's magnitude based on the number of filling elements.

Main Methods:

  • Psychophysical experiments were conducted using classical two-part and modified three-part stimuli.
  • Modified figures included variations of filled and empty medial and flanking intervals.
  • The illusion was measured by varying the number of filling elements in referential parts.

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

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Main Results:

  • Modified figures showed similar curve shapes to the original two-part stimulus but varied illusion magnitudes.
  • A figure with two filled intervals produced a significantly stronger illusory effect (twice as strong) than one with a single filled interval.
  • The two-part stimulus exhibited intermediate illusion magnitudes.

Conclusions:

  • The Oppel-Kundt illusion magnitude is influenced by the configuration of filled and empty intervals.
  • Overestimation of filled intervals relative to adjacent empty intervals appears crucial for the illusion.
  • Unfilled intervals may not significantly contribute to the illusory effect.