Serial plasma concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, and resistin during therapy in children with acute lymphoblastic...

To investigate adipocytokine secretion, at diagnosis and during chemotherapy in children with the acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Serial measurements (6/patient) of the anti-inflammatory cytokine adiponectin and the proinflammatory adipocytokines leptin and resistin were performed at diagnosis and in nearly the entire period of therapy (up to 21 months), in 9 patients with ALL aged 2 to 7 years (median 4.3 y). Body mass index and leukemic burden were estimated at the same time points and correlated with adipocytokine levels. Nine healthy children matched for age, sex, and body mass index were used as controls.

At diagnosis, mean adiponectin levels were low (P<0.001) and mean leptin and resistin levels were high, compared with controls (P<0.001). During maintenance phase, adiponectin increased significantly (P=0.024), whereas leptin and resistin decreased (P=0.018 and P=0.020, respectively), compared with baseline values. However, adiponectin, despite its progressive increase, remained at lower levels toward the end of the maintenance phase, compared with controls, (P<0.001). Delta (final-baseline) mean adiponectin was negatively correlated with leukemic burden (P=0.019), whereas delta mean leptin and resistin were positively correlated with it (P=0.011 and P=0.031, respectively).

Low-plasma adiponectin and high leptin and resistin level are present at the ALL diagnosis. Adipocytokines alterations are progressively restored during therapy.