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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Embryo Microinjection and Electroporation in the Chordate Ciona intestinalis
Published on: October 16, 2016
Luisa Berná1, Fernando Alvarez-Valin, Giuseppe D'Onofrio
1Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Evolution, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
Genomic analysis reveals that the two ascidian species, Ciona intestinalis and Ciona savignyi, diverged approximately 180 million years ago. This finding stems from comparing their gene evolution rates to vertebrates, noting ascidians evolve 50% faster.
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