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Related Concept Videos

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

The WinCF Model - An Inexpensive and Tractable Microcosm of a Mucus Plugged Bronchiole to Study the Microbiology of Lung Infections
06:57

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Published on: May 8, 2017

Disordered microbial communities in asthmatic airways.

Markus Hilty1, Conor Burke, Helder Pedro

  • 1National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England.

Plos One
|January 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The adult and child asthma airways contain a distinct bacterial community. This airway microbiota is disturbed in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with increased Proteobacteria and decreased Bacteroidetes.

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

The WinCF Model - An Inexpensive and Tractable Microcosm of a Mucus Plugged Bronchiole to Study the Microbiology of Lung Infections
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Purifying the Impure: Sequencing Metagenomes and Metatranscriptomes from Complex Animal-associated Samples

Published on: December 22, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Infant microbial exposure is linked to asthma protection.
  • Respiratory infections can trigger asthma exacerbations.
  • The airway microbiota's role in respiratory diseases is under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare airway microbiota composition across different levels of the bronchial tree.
  • To investigate differences in the airway microbiota of adults and children with asthma, COPD, and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 16S rRNA bacterial sequences from bronchial lavage samples.
  • Sequencing of 5,054 bacterial 16S rRNA genes from 43 subjects.
  • Quantification of bacterial genomes per cm(2) of airway surface.

Main Results:

  • The bronchial tree harbors a significant bacterial presence (mean 2,000 genomes/cm(2)).
  • Proteobacteria (e.g., Haemophilus spp.) were elevated in asthmatic adults, COPD patients, and asthmatic children compared to controls.
  • Bacteroidetes (e.g., Prevotella spp.) were more abundant in control subjects than in patients with asthma or COPD.

Conclusions:

  • The bronchial tree possesses a characteristic microbiota.
  • Asthma is associated with a disturbed airway microbiota.
  • Alterations in airway microbiota may contribute to asthma pathogenesis.