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Pseudomemory effects over time in the hypnotic setting.

P W Sheehan1, D Statham, G A Jamieson

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia.

Journal of Abnormal Psychology
|February 1, 1991
PubMed
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Hypnosis can create false memories (pseudomemory) that persist for weeks in highly and moderately susceptible individuals. This study explored the long-term effects of hypnotic suggestion on memory accuracy.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Studies

Background:

  • Understanding the malleability of human memory is crucial for legal and clinical applications.
  • Previous research suggests hypnosis can influence memory recall, but long-term effects require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that pseudomemory, or false memory, persists for up to two weeks following hypnotic suggestion.
  • To examine the role of hypnotic susceptibility in the maintenance of pseudomemory over time.

Main Methods:

  • Participants categorized by hypnotic susceptibility (high, moderate, low) received either hypnosis or waking instructions.
  • Memory accuracy and confidence were assessed using free recall, structured recall, and recognition tasks.
  • Memory performance was evaluated at baseline and after a two-week interval.

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Main Results:

  • Pseudomemory persisted for two weeks in both highly and moderately hypnotizable subjects.
  • Memory accuracy and confidence were influenced by factors including skill, context, and state instructions.
  • Low susceptibility subjects did not show significant pseudomemory persistence.

Conclusions:

  • Hypnotic suggestion can lead to enduring pseudomemory in susceptible individuals.
  • The findings highlight the complex interplay of factors influencing memory formation and persistence under hypnosis.
  • Further research is needed to explore the role of communication ambiguity in maintaining pseudomemory.