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Great apes track hidden objects after changes in the objects' position and in subject's orientation.

Anna Albiach-Serrano1, Josep Call, Jochen Barth

  • 1Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. anna.albiach@eva.mpg.de

American Journal of Primatology
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Great apes, including chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans, demonstrated allocentric spatial coding in object displacement tasks. Chimpanzees showed superior performance, indicating advanced spatial memory abilities in great apes.

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Area of Science:

  • Primate cognition
  • Comparative psychology
  • Spatial memory

Background:

  • Understanding spatial cognition in non-human primates is crucial for insights into the evolution of cognitive abilities.
  • Previous research suggests differences in spatial task performance among great ape species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate spatial memory and coding strategies in chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans.
  • To compare performance on rotation and translocation tasks, and assess the impact of displacement complexity.

Main Methods:

  • Great apes were tested on invisible object displacement tasks involving cup rotations and translocations.
  • Trials included no displacement, single displacement (rotation or translocation), and double displacement (both).
  • Performance was analyzed to determine success rates and identify spatial coding strategies.

Main Results:

  • All great ape species performed above chance across all conditions.
  • Task difficulty increased with displacement complexity: no displacement < single displacement < double displacement.
  • Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) significantly outperformed bonobos (Pan paniscus), gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus).
  • No significant difference in performance was observed between rotation and translocation tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Great apes utilize allocentric spatial coding, referencing external cues rather than egocentric self-centered cues.
  • Chimpanzees exhibit the most proficient spatial memory among the studied great ape species.
  • Findings contribute to understanding the cognitive evolution of spatial representation in primates.