Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
Golden rice
Golden rice is a genetically modified...

Synthesis and Decomposition Reactions

Synthesis and Decomposition Reactions

Synthesis and decomposition are two types of redox reactions. Synthesis means to make something, whereas decomposition means to break something. The reactions are accompanied by chemical and energy changes.

Synthesis of α-Substituted Carbonyl Compounds: The Stork Enamine Reaction

Synthesis of α-Substituted Carbonyl Compounds: The Stork Enamine Reaction

α-Substituted ketones or aldehydes can be synthesized from enamines by the Stork enamine reaction, named after its pioneer Gilbert Stork. Enamines are useful synthetic intermediates where the lone pair on nitrogen is in conjugation with the C=C bond. They resemble enolate ions, as the resonance forms of both species have a nucleophilic α carbon.

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Addition–Elimination (SNAr)

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Addition–Elimination (S_NAr)

Nucleophilic substitution in aromatic compounds is feasible in substrates bearing strong electron-withdrawing substituents positioned ortho or para to the leaving group. The reaction proceeds via two steps: the addition of the nucleophile and the elimination of the leaving group.
The reaction begins with an attack of the nucleophile on the carbon that holds the leaving group. This results in the delocalization of the π electrons over the ring carbons. The resonance interaction between the...

ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis

ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis

Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Most macromolecules are composed of single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers. The monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers.
Conversion of...

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)

Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling. This phenomenon, called the nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring spin-active...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Toward an Emerging Public Health Paradigm: Agriculture and Food Production for Health.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Osmium(IV) Tetraaryl Complexes Formed from Prefunctionalized Ligands.

Inorganic chemistry·2025

Same author

Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulants and Potential Inconsistencies with FDA-Approved Dosing for Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Retrospective Real-World Analysis Across Nine US Healthcare Systems.

Journal of general internal medicine·2024

Same author

The Degradation of the 2-Hydroxyethylhydrazinium Nitrate Ionic Liquid System.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2024

Same author

Further Insights into the Chemical Synthesis of F<sub>2</sub> and on Drying moist HF.

Inorganic chemistry·2024

Same author

Synthesis and characterization of trifluoromethylcarboxonium salts.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Triplet Fusion Upconversion Nanocapsule Synthesis

Triplet Fusion Upconversion Nanocapsule Synthesis

Published on: September 7, 2022

Synthesis and properties of N7O+.

Karl O Christe¹, Ralf Haiges, William W Wilson

¹Loker Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, USA. kchriste@usc.edu

Inorganic Chemistry

|January 8, 2010

Summary

A new synthesis of the pentazenium cation (N5+) was developed using nitryl fluoride (NOF2+) and hydrazoic acid (HN3). This method offers a convenient route to N5+ salts, including isotopically labeled versions.

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Stimuli-responsive Nanogels using Aqueous One-step Crosslinking and Co-nanopolymerization

Synthesis of Stimuli-responsive Nanogels using Aqueous One-step Crosslinking and Co-nanopolymerization

Published on: January 24, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Triplet Fusion Upconversion Nanocapsule Synthesis

Triplet Fusion Upconversion Nanocapsule Synthesis

Published on: September 7, 2022

Synthesis of Stimuli-responsive Nanogels using Aqueous One-step Crosslinking and Co-nanopolymerization

Synthesis of Stimuli-responsive Nanogels using Aqueous One-step Crosslinking and Co-nanopolymerization

Published on: January 24, 2025

Area of Science:

Inorganic Chemistry
Synthetic Chemistry
Theoretical Chemistry

Background:

The synthesis of polyazide cations is challenging due to their inherent instability.
Previous syntheses of N5+ salts often relied on less accessible precursors.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel and more convenient synthesis for the pentazenium cation (N5+) and its salts.
To investigate the formation and stability of novel nitrogen-rich cations.

Main Methods:

Reaction of NOF2+SbF6- with hydrazoic acid (HN3) in anhydrous HF.
Isotopic labeling experiments using 15N-labeled HN3.
Theoretical calculations to elucidate reaction mechanisms and cation structures.

Main Results:

Formation of N3NOF+SbF6- and N7O+SbF6- from the reaction of NOF2+SbF6- with HN3.
N7O+SbF6- rapidly decomposed to N5+SbF6- with N2O evolution.
A convenient and efficient synthesis of N5+SbF6- was established, allowing for complete 15N labeling.
Theoretical calculations confirmed the structure of N7O+ and explained the instability of geminal diazides.

Conclusions:

The reaction provides a more accessible route to N5+ salts compared to previous methods.
The study highlights the reactivity of NOF2+ with azides and the instability of N7O+.
Understanding the decomposition pathways of nitrogen-rich compounds is crucial for their synthesis and application.