Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Effects of feedback

Effects of feedback

Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...

Interference and Decay

Interference and Decay

Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of information more...

Feedback Inhibition

Feedback Inhibition

Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!

Buffer Effectiveness

Buffer Effectiveness

Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH relies on the presence of appreciable amounts of its conjugate weak acid-base pair. When enough strong acid or base is added to substantially lower the concentration of either member of the buffer pair, the buffering action within the solution is compromised.
The buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base that can be added to a given volume...

Feedback Loops

Feedback Loops

In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Why do bootlickers get empowered more than boat-rockers? The effects of voice and helping on empowering leadership through threat and goal congruence perceptions.

The Journal of applied psychology·2025

Same author

Work-leisure blending: An integrative conceptual review and framework to guide future research.

The Journal of applied psychology·2021

Same author

When challenges hinder: An investigation of when and how challenge stressors impact employee outcomes.

The Journal of applied psychology·2020

Same author

A context-change account of temporal distinctiveness.

Memory & cognition·2019

Same author

The experience of vivid autobiographical reminiscence is supported by subjective content representations in the precuneus.

Scientific reports·2018

Same author

Multiple team membership and empowerment spillover effects: Can empowerment processes cross team boundaries?

The Journal of applied psychology·2018

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Movement Retraining using Real-time Feedback of Performance

Movement Retraining using Real-time Feedback of Performance

Published on: January 17, 2013

Learning from feedback: Spacing and the delay-retention effect.

Troy A Smith¹, Daniel R Kimball

¹Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, OK, USA.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition

|January 8, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Delaying feedback in learning strengthens correct responses, contrary to error correction theories. Spacing encoding opportunities through delayed feedback enhances memory retention and correct response perseveration.

More Related Videos

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Published on: January 9, 2016

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

Published on: June 30, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Movement Retraining using Real-time Feedback of Performance

Movement Retraining using Real-time Feedback of Performance

Published on: January 17, 2013

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Published on: January 9, 2016

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

Published on: June 30, 2020

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Educational Psychology
Learning Sciences

Background:

Traditional views of feedback in learning focus on error correction.
Emerging research suggests feedback timing influences learning outcomes.
The role of feedback in strengthening correct responses remains under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of feedback timing on learning and memory.
To test theories explaining feedback-timing effects.
To examine the impact of delayed feedback on correct response perseveration.

Main Methods:

Cued recall of trivia facts with varied feedback timing (immediate vs. delayed).
Inclusion of restudy and retest trials.
Experiment 2 manipulated lags between study, test, and feedback.

Main Results:

Delayed feedback strengthened initially correct responses, supporting the spacing hypothesis.
Delaying feedback increased correct response perseveration on retention tests.
Feedback timing had minimal impact on error correction or error perseveration.

Conclusions:

Feedback's function extends beyond error correction; it can enhance correct responses.
Delayed feedback benefits learning through increased spacing of encoding opportunities.
The timing of feedback is a critical variable in optimizing learning and memory retention.