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Kristin Williamson1, Miranda Scolari, Sukeun Jeong

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Visual crowding effects, which impair target discrimination, vary across the visual field and are influenced by reading experience. Language background specifically alters visual crowding topography for letter distractors.

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Area of Science:

  • Visual perception
  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Visual crowding is a phenomenon where target discrimination is impaired by surrounding distractors.
  • The spatial distribution of visual crowding can vary across the visual field.
  • Prior experience with stimuli may influence visual crowding effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how visual crowding strength varies across visual field quadrants.
  • To examine the influence of observer reading experience on visual crowding.
  • To determine if language background specifically modulates visual crowding for letter distractors.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed target discrimination tasks in clean and crowded visual displays.
  • Crowded displays contained letter distractors, with crowding strength assessed across four visual field quadrants.
  • Observer reading experience (monolingual English vs. East Asian language readers) was a key variable.

Main Results:

  • Visual crowding strength was not uniform across the visual field, showing a spatial bias.
  • This spatial bias in crowding was significantly modulated by the observers' primary reading language.
  • English readers showed increased crowding in the upper-left visual field, while East Asian language readers showed deficits in the lower visual field for letter distractors.

Conclusions:

  • Reading experience, specifically with alphabetic scripts, induces a stimulus-specific change in the spatial topography of visual crowding.
  • The visual system adapts to processing specific scripts, leading to altered visual crowding patterns.
  • These findings highlight the impact of learned visual experience on fundamental visual processing mechanisms.