Effect of distance upon horizontal and vertical look and stare OKN

Previous reports suggest that distance influences horizontal stare OKN gains; however, the effect of distance on vertical OKN and look OKN is unknown. Horizontal and vertical look and stare OKN gains were recorded in 16 healthy volunteers (velocity 38.4 degrees /s) at three distances (0.3 m, 1 m, and 2.5 m) and two different stimulus sizes. Asymmetry of responses and correlation of gains in different directions were compared. Measurements at near were compared with and without glasses. Distance did not significantly affect horizontal look and stare OKN or vertical look OKN, however, downward stare OKN gains were reduced at greater distances (p = 0.002). Mean downward stare OKN gains recorded in each individual were strongly correlated to leftward and rightward gains but not upward gains. In contrast, upward OKN gains were not correlated to gains in leftward, rightward, or downward directions. Downward stare OKN responses are significantly sensitive to the effects of distance, whereas stare OKN in other directions and look OKN responses in all directions are not. Individual mean downward stare OKN gains are more closely related to horizontal responses rather than upward responses. This suggests that the downward OKN system is more functionally related to the horizontal system rather than the upward OKN system.