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Updated: May 17, 2026

Inducing and Characterizing Vesicular Steatosis in Differentiated HepaRG Cells
Published on: July 18, 2019
A rare cause of Horner syndrome
D Costello1, J Salmon, C Milford
1Department of ENT, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK. declancostello@doctors.org.uk
Objectives:
To demonstrate the importance of thorough investigation of patients with Horner syndrome, and to explain the relevant anatomy.
Case Report:
A 46-year-old man presented with right-sided Horner syndrome. No other abnormality was found. Magnetic resonance imaging showed calcification of the stylohyoid ligament, with a pseudoarthrosis in the mid-portion of the ligament. This pseudoarthrosis was displacing and compressing the internal carotid artery and the adjacent sympathetic chain, causing Horner syndrome.
Conclusion:
In this case, magnetic resonance imaging was invaluable in elucidating the cause of the Horner syndrome. This is the first described case of pseudoarthrosis of a calcified stylohyoid ligament causing Horner syndrome.
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