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Sampling issues in nursing home research.

S J Wayne1, R L Rhyne, R E Thompson

  • 1Department of Family, Community, and Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque 87131.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
|March 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Comparing nursing home sampling methods, this study found significant differences in resident characteristics and length of stay between cross-sectional and admission samples. Discharge samples were more similar to admission samples.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Health Services Research
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Nursing home research often uses cross-sectional or discharge sampling methods.
  • These methods may yield samples with differing resident characteristics and lengths of stay.
  • The impact of these sampling methods on study outcomes is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare resident characteristics and lengths of stay across three nursing home sampling methods: cross-sectional, discharge, and admission.
  • To identify potential biases associated with each sampling technique.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional sample of all residents in three nursing homes in February 1987.
  • An admission sample of all individuals admitted to these nursing homes during the following year.

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  • A discharge sample of all individuals discharged from these nursing homes during the same year.
  • Main Results:

    • The most significant differences were observed between the cross-sectional and admission samples.
    • Cross-sectional samples comprised residents with longer stays, less social support, and more behavioral/functional problems.
    • Admission samples included residents with shorter stays and more acute medical issues.

    Conclusions:

    • Cross-sectional and admission sampling methods yield distinct nursing home populations.
    • Discharge samples share more similarities with admission samples than cross-sectional samples.
    • The choice of sampling method is critical and should be carefully considered based on research objectives.