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Related Concept Videos

Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins02:26

Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins

Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain.  Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to form...
Conservation of Protein Domains02:26

Conservation of Protein Domains

Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain.  Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to form...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Protein-Related Factors01:20

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Protein-Related Factors

Drug binding to proteins is a key aspect of pharmacokinetics and can influence a drug's distribution, absorption, and elimination in the body. Several factors, including the drug's physiochemical properties, protein concentration, disease states, and the number of binding sites on the protein, influence this process.
The physicochemical properties of a drug play a significant role in its ability to bind to proteins. Lipophilic drugs, which dissolve in fats, oils, and lipids, can be bound by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis
09:37

An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis

Published on: July 12, 2022

Systemic factors dominate mammal protein evolution.

Alexander E Vinogradov1

  • 1Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia. aevin@mail.cytspb.rssi.ru

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|January 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Systemic factors, not gene expression, drive mammal protein evolution. Coexpressed genes, regulation complexity, and evolutionary age significantly impact protein evolutionary rates, challenging prior beliefs.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular evolution

Background:

  • The widely accepted view posits that high gene expression leads to slower protein evolution due to selection against misfolded proteins.
  • This individual gene-level effect has been considered a dominant factor in shaping protein evolutionary rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate alternative factors influencing protein evolutionary rates in mammals.
  • To challenge the prevailing notion that gene expression level is the primary driver of protein evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of protein evolutionary rates across mammalian species.
  • Assessment of correlations between evolutionary rates and factors like coexpression, gene regulation complexity, intronic sequence characteristics, and evolutionary age.

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

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  • Statistical modeling to determine the relative importance of different factors.

    • Main Results:

    • Protein evolutionary rate is more strongly linked to the evolutionary rates of coexpressed proteins and pathway members than to gene expression levels.
    • Gene regulation complexity, evolutionary age, and intronic sequence features are more significant determinants of protein evolutionary rate than expression level.
    • More recently evolved proteins exhibit faster evolutionary rates.

    Conclusions:

    • Systemic factors, including coexpression networks, regulatory complexity, and evolutionary age, are dominant drivers of mammalian protein evolution.
    • The influence of gene expression level on protein evolutionary rate is minor in mammals, contrary to established hypotheses.
    • This study reframes the understanding of molecular evolution by highlighting the importance of network and systemic properties over individual gene characteristics.