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Related Concept Videos

Cadherins in Tissue Organization01:19

Cadherins in Tissue Organization

The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
Cell Sorting During Development
Cell sorting plays an...
Structure of Cadherins01:25

Structure of Cadherins

The cadherins were one of the first cell adhesion molecules discovered; the term “cadherins”   is based on their calcium-dependent adhering properties. The first cadherins discovered on the epithelial, neuronal, and placental cells were named E-cadherin, P-cadherin, and N-cadherin, respectively. These classical cadherins share sequence and structural similarities. Other cadherins, including those involved in cell signaling, are grouped into non-classical cadherins. This diversity of cadherins...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Catenins01:23

Catenins

Catenins are characterized by multiple binding domains and dynamic structures that allow them to function as linker proteins in cell junction complexes. All catenins, except α-catenin, contain a characteristic protein sequence called the armadillo repeat and are therefore also called armadillo proteins.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Bead Aggregation Assays for the Characterization of Putative Cell Adhesion Molecules
08:15

Bead Aggregation Assays for the Characterization of Putative Cell Adhesion Molecules

Published on: October 17, 2014

Multifactorial regulation of E-cadherin expression: an integrative study.

William C Reinhold1, Mark A Reimers, Philip Lorenzi

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. wcr@mail.nih.gov

Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
|January 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary

E-cadherin (E-cad) expression in cancer is primarily silenced by promoter DNA methylation. Transcriptional repressors like TCF8, SNAI2, and ZFHX1B also influence E-cad levels, impacting cell adhesion and drug response.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Bead Aggregation Assays for the Characterization of Putative Cell Adhesion Molecules
08:15

Bead Aggregation Assays for the Characterization of Putative Cell Adhesion Molecules

Published on: October 17, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cancer Biology
  • Molecular Oncology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • E-cadherin (E-cad) is a key cell adhesion molecule.
  • Down-regulation of E-cad is linked to tumor invasion, metastasis, and poor prognosis in epithelial cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively profile E-cadherin expression in NCI-60 cancer cell lines.
  • To identify and rank the regulatory factors influencing E-cadherin expression at DNA, RNA, and protein levels.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized six microarray platforms and bisulfite sequencing for multi-level profiling.
  • Analyzed effects of E-cad promoter DNA methylation and transcript levels of six repressors (SNAI1, SNAI2, TCF3, TCF8, TWIST1, ZFHX1B).
  • Employed bioinformatic, pharmacological (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine), and siRNA knockdown analyses for verification.

Main Results:

  • E-cadherin promoter methylation is the predominant factor, silencing expression above a 20-30% threshold.
  • TCF8, SNAI2, and ZFHX1B transcript levels significantly correlate with and predict E-cad expression.
  • TWIST1 showed correlation but not prediction; SNAI1, TCF3, and E-cad DNA copy number had no significant impact.
  • Experimental validation confirmed the regulatory roles of methylation and repressors.

Conclusions:

  • E-cadherin expression is primarily regulated by promoter DNA methylation, with significant contributions from TCF8, SNAI2, and ZFHX1B.
  • E-cadherin levels are associated with cell-cell adhesion and cellular response to drug treatments.
  • Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is crucial for targeting cancer invasion and metastasis.