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Related Concept Videos

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions01:15

Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions

PK–PD modeling has significantly influenced FDA regulatory decisions, particularly drug approval, dosage optimization, and labeling. These models integrate pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) to predict drug behavior and effects, aiding in optimizing dosing regimens and enhancing the probability of clinical trial success.One notable example is Nesiritide (Natrecor®), a recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide for treating acute decompensated congestive heart failure (CHF).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression
07:30

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

Published on: June 15, 2019

Emerging drugs in sepsis.

Marc Leone1, Julien Textoris, Fabrice Michel

  • 1Service d'anesthésie et de réanimation, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Université de la Méditerranée, Chemin des Bourrely, 13915 Marseille Cedex 20, France. marc.leone@ap-hm.fr

Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs
|January 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary

New antibiotics offer refined sepsis treatment choices. Emerging therapies like direct hemoperfusion and immunomodulation show promise, while others remain experimental.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression
07:30

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

Published on: June 15, 2019

A Data-Driven Approach to Quantifying Immune States in Sepsis
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A Data-Driven Approach to Quantifying Immune States in Sepsis

Published on: February 7, 2025

A Reproducible Intensive Care Unit-Oriented Endotoxin Model in Rats
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A Reproducible Intensive Care Unit-Oriented Endotoxin Model in Rats

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Area of Science:

  • Critical care medicine
  • Infectious diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality in intensive care units.
  • Despite extensive research, effective mortality-reducing sepsis drugs are still needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review new licensed antibiotics for sepsis treatment.
  • To analyze adjuvant therapies and novel experimental concepts in sepsis management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature analysis of clinical trials and experimental data on sepsis (2008-2009).
  • Inclusion of seminal articles published before 2008 where relevant.

Main Results:

  • New antibiotics can refine sepsis treatment strategies.
  • Direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fiber is a potential option for Gram-negative sepsis.
  • Ongoing studies are evaluating drotrecogin alfa (activated) and low-dose hydrocortisone.

Conclusions:

  • Modulation of monocytic human leukocyte antigen-DR is a key treatment focus.
  • Cardiovascular drug use in sepsis requires further clinical trials.
  • Experimental sepsis therapies include targeting high mobility group box 1, adenosine, and energy production.