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Related Concept Videos

Malaria01:29

Malaria

Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...
Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...
Anthelminthic Agents01:15

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
Drugs that Destabilize Microtubules01:10

Drugs that Destabilize Microtubules

Microtubules are dynamic structures and can be regulated by microtubule targeting agents (MTAs). Microtubule destabilizing drugs are a class of MTAs that destabilize and prevent microtubules' polymerization. Both natural and synthetic chemicals can be found under this class of drugs. Vincristine and vinblastine, two vinca alkaloids, and colchicine were among the first to be discovered. These drugs can affect cells in various ways, either by inducing a change in cell morphology, preventing...
Drugs that Stabilize Microtubules01:15

Drugs that Stabilize Microtubules

Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo cycles of catastrophe and rescue. The microtubules play a central role in cell division by forming the spindle apparatus for segregating the chromosomes. This makes them ideal targets for regulating dividing cells in tumors and malignant cancer cells. Microtubule stabilizing drugs help stabilize the microtubule formation and promote its polymerization. Paclitaxel was the first microtubule stabilizing agent used as anticancer drug in chemotherapy...
Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

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Anticancer agents against malaria: time to revisit?

Alexis Nzila1, John Okombo, Ruy Perez Becker

  • 1Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya. anzila@kilifi.kemri-wellcome.org

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New antimalarial drugs are essential due to rising resistance. This article explores repurposing toxic anticancer agents, suggesting dose modification can unlock their potential for malaria treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Artemisinin resistance poses a significant threat to malaria treatment strategies.
  • Development of novel antimalarial drugs is a critical global health priority.
  • Repurposing existing drugs offers a viable pathway for new therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential of anticancer agents as novel antimalarial drugs.
  • To address the perceived toxicity of anticancer agents in the context of malaria treatment.
  • To explore the principle that 'only dose makes the poison' for drug repurposing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on antimalarial drug discovery.
  • Analysis of the pharmacological profiles of select anticancer agents.
  • Examination of dose-dependent toxicity and efficacy principles.

Main Results:

  • Certain anticancer agents exhibit activity against malaria parasites.
  • Toxicity of anticancer drugs is often dose-dependent, a principle applicable to malaria treatment.
  • The anticancer pharmacopoeia represents a potential source for new antimalarial therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Anticancer agents can be reconsidered for malaria treatment by optimizing dosage.
  • Repurposing anticancer drugs offers a promising strategy to combat artemisinin resistance.
  • Further research into dose-adjusted anticancer agents may yield effective new antimalarials.