Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 17, 2026

10:33
An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation
Published on: February 27, 2019
Electrooptic light modulators
1Crawford Hill Laboratory, Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., Holmdel, NJ, USA.
Applied Optics
|January 9, 2010
Abstract:
The field of electrooptic light modulation by means of the Pockels and Kerr effects in crystals is summarized with particular attention to communications applications using the optical maser. All available data on electrooptic materials are tabulated, and design considerations and operating principles for various modulator configurations are outlined.
Related Concept Videos
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels
GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision. The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory organs,...
Sensory organs,...
MOSFET: Enhancement Mode
Enhancement-mode MOSFETs are pivotal components in electronics, distinguished by their capacity to act as highly efficient switches. They are part of the larger family of metal-oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). They are available in two types: p-channel and n-channel, each tailored to specific polarity operations.
In their basic form, enhancement-mode MOSFETs are typically non-conductive when the gate-source voltage (Vgs) is zero. This default 'off' state means no current...
In their basic form, enhancement-mode MOSFETs are typically non-conductive when the gate-source voltage (Vgs) is zero. This default 'off' state means no current...

