Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Genetic Lingo01:11

Genetic Lingo

Overview
Poisson's Ratio01:23

Poisson's Ratio

Poisson's ratio is a material property that indicates their stress response. It explains the connection between the elongation or compression a material undergoes in the direction of an applied force and the contraction or expansion it experiences perpendicular to that force. When a slender bar is loaded axially, it stretches in the direction of the force and contracts laterally. Poisson's ratio is the negative ratio of this lateral contraction to the axial elongation. The negative sign ensures...
Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...
Test Cross01:39

Test Cross

Alleles are different forms of the same gene. Humans and other diploid organisms inherit two alleles of every gene, one from each parent.
Isomerism in Alkenes02:01

Isomerism in Alkenes

Alkenes like 1-butene and 2-butene exhibit constitutional isomerism, as they differ in the position of the double bond. Further, 2-butene exhibits stereoisomerism and exists as two distinct compounds differing in spatial arrangement.
An isomer is called cis-2-butene when the methyl groups are on the same side of the double bond, and the other stereoisomer, in which methyl groups are on the opposite side of the double bond, is called trans-2-butene. The cis and trans stereoisomers are not...
Blood Types02:20

Blood Types

Human blood is classified into different types based on the presence of antigens on the red blood cell's surface and antibodies in the plasma. Proper identification of blood type is essential for successful blood transfusion. The International Society of Blood Transfusion has identified 38 human blood types based on the surface antigens on the red blood cells. The most common types are ABO, Rh, and MNS blood types.
ABO blood group
ABO antigens are glycoproteins encoded by genes present on...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Retinal burns from intense light sources.

American Industrial Hygiene Association journal·1968
Same author

Criterion for tone reproduction.

Journal of the Optical Society of America·1968
Same author

Pupil diameters and retinal illuminances in interocular brightness matching.

Journal of the Optical Society of America·1968
Same author

Brightness perception in complex fields.

Journal of the Optical Society of America·1967
Same author

"Luminosity" and "brightness".

Journal of the Optical Society of America·1966
Same author

Memory colors of familiar objects.

Journal of the Optical Society of America·1960

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

A Novel Biaxial Testing Apparatus for the Determination of Forming Limit under Hot Stamping Conditions
07:40

A Novel Biaxial Testing Apparatus for the Determination of Forming Limit under Hot Stamping Conditions

Published on: April 4, 2017

Anisotropy in alphanumeric reproduction tolerances.

C J Bartleson1

  • 1Research Laboratories, Eastman KodakCompany, Rochester, New York 14650, USA.

Applied Optics
|January 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Spatial image characteristics significantly impact alphanumeric character legibility. Vertical distortion becomes less objectionable at higher levels, with upper character portions being most crucial for recognition.

Area of Science:

  • Image processing and computer vision
  • Human-computer interaction
  • Information theory

Background:

  • Understanding how image quality affects character recognition is vital for digital communication.
  • Anisotropy in image degradation can influence the perceived legibility of alphanumeric characters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relative importance of spatial image characteristics on alphanumeric character legibility.
  • To determine how distortion levels and orientation affect character recognition.
  • To identify critical character regions for maintaining legibility.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of spatial image characteristics and their impact on character reproduction.
  • Evaluation of legibility under varying levels and orientations of image distortion.

More Related Videos

Infinium Assay for Large-scale SNP Genotyping Applications
13:33

Infinium Assay for Large-scale SNP Genotyping Applications

Published on: November 19, 2013

Pre-Implantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy on a Semiconductor Based Next-Generation Sequencing Platform
09:30

Pre-Implantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy on a Semiconductor Based Next-Generation Sequencing Platform

Published on: August 17, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

A Novel Biaxial Testing Apparatus for the Determination of Forming Limit under Hot Stamping Conditions
07:40

A Novel Biaxial Testing Apparatus for the Determination of Forming Limit under Hot Stamping Conditions

Published on: April 4, 2017

Infinium Assay for Large-scale SNP Genotyping Applications
13:33

Infinium Assay for Large-scale SNP Genotyping Applications

Published on: November 19, 2013

Pre-Implantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy on a Semiconductor Based Next-Generation Sequencing Platform
09:30

Pre-Implantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy on a Semiconductor Based Next-Generation Sequencing Platform

Published on: August 17, 2022

  • Assessment of the importance of different character portions (upper, lower, central) for recognition.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant anisotropy was observed in image degradation effects.
    • At low distortion, horizontal degradation was less objectionable than vertical.
    • At high distortion, vertical degradation was significantly less objectionable; upper and lower character portions are more critical than central portions, with upper regions carrying more information.

    Conclusions:

    • Spatial image characteristics, particularly distortion orientation and character region importance, critically influence alphanumeric legibility.
    • Findings have direct implications for optimizing image transmission systems for enhanced character recognition.
    • Understanding these spatial factors is key to improving the robustness of character recognition in degraded image environments.