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Related Concept Videos

Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
Modes of Standing Waves: II01:04

Modes of Standing Waves: II

The starting point for expressing the modes of standing waves is understanding the boundary conditions that the waves must follow. The boundary conditions are derived from the physical understanding of how the standing waves are sustained, that is, how the vibrating particles of the medium behave at the boundaries imposed on them.
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end.
Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section01:21

Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section

When a material is subjected to uniaxial stress, it elongates or contracts in the direction of the applied force, and also undergoes changes in the perpendicular directions. This behavior is crucial for understanding how materials behave under stress and is governed by mechanical properties such as Poisson's ratio v, which measures the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain.
As the material stretches, it expands or contracts in orthogonal directions to the load. This phenomenon varies...
Modes of Standing Waves - I01:03

Modes of Standing Waves - I

A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This phenomenon...
Propagation of Waves01:07

Propagation of Waves

When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...
Sound Waves: Resonance01:14

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Resonance is produced depending on the boundary conditions imposed on a wave. Resonance can be produced in a string under tension with symmetrical boundary conditions (i.e., has a node at each end). A node is defined as a fixed point where the string does not move. The symmetrical boundary conditions result in some frequencies resonating and producing standing waves, while other frequencies interfere destructively. Sound waves can resonate in a hollow tube, and the frequencies of the sound...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
11:08

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Published on: November 30, 2012

Transverse mode structure in unstable optical cavities.

D C Sinclair1, T H Cottrell

  • 1Institute of Optics, University ofRochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.

Applied Optics
|January 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study experimentally investigated unstable optical cavities using a pulsed argon laser. Results show agreement with theory and demonstrate variable output coupling capabilities for lasers.

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Laser Physics
  • Quantum Optics

Background:

  • Unstable optical cavities are crucial components in various laser systems.
  • Understanding their transverse mode characteristics is essential for optimizing laser performance.
  • Existing theoretical models provide a framework for analyzing unstable cavity behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the characteristics of unstable optical cavities.
  • To analyze the amplitude and phase distribution within transverse modes.
  • To characterize the output beam properties and explore variable output coupling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a pulsed argon laser for experimental investigations.
  • Examined amplitude and phase distributions in transverse modes.
  • Analyzed the properties of the laser's output beam.

Main Results:

  • Experimental findings qualitatively align with established theoretical predictions.
  • Demonstrated the capability of unstable cavities for variable output coupling.
  • Detailed characterization of transverse mode distributions was achieved.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental validation of theoretical models for unstable optical cavities.
  • Unstable cavities offer a practical method for achieving variable laser output coupling.
  • The study provides valuable insights into unstable cavity dynamics and applications.