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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
08:35

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

Published on: August 17, 2022

Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy and microcirculation.

Giovanni Fazio1, Filippo M Sarullo, Giuseppina Novo

  • 1Department of Cardiology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. Giovanni.fazio-aaaa@poste.it

Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing
|January 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Microcirculatory dysfunction is common in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, affecting blood flow in coronary arteries. While frequent, it is not the sole cause of this cardiac condition.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
08:35

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

Published on: August 17, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, first described in Japan, mimics ischemic heart disease.
  • Characterized by altered left ventricular contraction (apical hypo-akinesis, basal hyper-kinesis).
  • Etiology remains largely unknown despite various hypotheses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the role of microcirculation in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.
  • To analyze coronary microcirculation using TIMI Frame Count (TFC).
  • To correlate arterial alterations with myocardial areas.

Main Methods:

  • International multi-center study of 24 consecutive Takotsubo cardiomyopathy patients (20 female, 4 male; average age 67.4).
  • Standard diagnostic workup including ECG, echocardiogram, and hemodynamic study.
  • Coronary microcirculation assessed via TIMI Frame Count (TFC) analysis on coronary radiography.

Main Results:

  • 23 out of 24 patients exhibited pathological slowdown of coronary microcirculation (TFC > 30 frames).
  • Microcirculatory flow slowdown involved one, two, or all three major coronary arteries in 9, 6, and 9 patients, respectively.
  • Abnormal TFC was observed in LAD (14 patients), RCA (16 patients), and LCX (18 patients); no significant stenosis was found in affected vessels.

Conclusions:

  • Microcirculatory dysfunction is frequently observed in acute Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.
  • This dysfunction appears to be a significant factor but not the sole determinant of the illness.