Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Colonisation of Pathogens01:25

Colonisation of Pathogens

Pathogen colonization of host tissues is a critical step in the development of infectious diseases. Various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, have evolved complex strategies to attach to, invade, and persist within host environments. These mechanisms enable pathogens to establish infections, evade immune responses, and resist antimicrobial treatments.Attachment to Host CellsIn bacteria, colonization typically begins with adherence to host epithelial...
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized by phagocytes.
Microbial Interactions: Predation01:28

Microbial Interactions: Predation

Microbial predation refers to the process by which one microorganism kills and consumes another to obtain nutrients and energy. It encompasses both bacterial and protozoan predators. This interaction plays a crucial role in shaping microbial communities and regulating nutrient cycling.Bacterial Predators: Epibiotic vs. EndobioticBacterial predators are classified based on their mode of attack as either epibiotic or endobiotic. Epibiotic predators, such as Vampirococcus, attach to the surface of...
Phagocytosis00:41

Phagocytosis

Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis (“cellular eating”) is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects—such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.The objective of phagocytosis is often destruction. Cells use phagocytosis to eliminate unwelcome visitors, like pathogens (e.g., viruses and bacteria). It is perhaps unsurprising, that many...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Bacterial targeting of the neutrophil inhibitory receptor LILRB3 to evade antibody immunity.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

The Effects of Radioimmunotherapy and Antibiotics on Biofilm-Associated Implant Infections in a Preclinical Rat Model.

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society·2026
Same author

ImmunoPET with Zirconium-89 specifically detects postoperative biofilm-associated implant infections: a preclinical study.

EJNMMI research·2026
Same author

Pathogen-Specific Actinium-225 and Lutetium-177 Labeled Antibodies for Treatment of Biofilm-Associated Implant Infections: <i>Initial In Vivo Proof-of-Concept</i>.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Bactericidal membrane attack complex formation initiates at the new pole of E. coli.

EMBO reports·2025
Same author

Isotype conversion of Staphylococcal-specific IgG into IgM broadens the reactivity to other bacterial pathogens.

Cell reports. Medicine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Visualizing the Early Stages of Phagocytosis
08:04

Visualizing the Early Stages of Phagocytosis

Published on: February 3, 2017

How microorganisms avoid phagocyte attraction.

Jovanka Bestebroer1, Carla J C De Haas, Jos A G Van Strijp

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. j.bestebroer@vumc.nl

FEMS Microbiology Reviews
|January 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Microorganisms manipulate host immune responses by targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) crucial for leukocyte recruitment. Pathogens employ diverse strategies to disrupt GPCR signaling, aiding their persistence and pathogenesis.

More Related Videos

Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages
10:33

Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages

Published on: October 25, 2017

Investigating the Phagocytosis of Leishmania using Confocal Microscopy
08:41

Investigating the Phagocytosis of Leishmania using Confocal Microscopy

Published on: July 29, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Visualizing the Early Stages of Phagocytosis
08:04

Visualizing the Early Stages of Phagocytosis

Published on: February 3, 2017

Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages
10:33

Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages

Published on: October 25, 2017

Investigating the Phagocytosis of Leishmania using Confocal Microscopy
08:41

Investigating the Phagocytosis of Leishmania using Confocal Microscopy

Published on: July 29, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Microorganisms trigger host immune responses via chemoattractants like chemokines and complement fragments.
  • These chemoattractants bind to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on leukocytes, directing immune cell migration to infection sites.
  • GPCRs are essential for leukocyte trafficking and microbial clearance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms and proteins used by human pathogens to modulate GPCR signaling.
  • To understand how microbes interfere with immune cell recruitment and activation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of microbial strategies affecting GPCR signaling.
  • Analysis of proteins secreted by various pathogens (viruses, bacteria, parasites).

Main Results:

  • Viruses produce mimics of receptors and chemoattractants.
  • Bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Bordetella pertussis secrete proteins that interfere with GPCR signaling.
  • These bacterial proteins can antagonize receptors, cleave signaling molecules, or inhibit stimulus generation.

Conclusions:

  • Microorganisms have evolved sophisticated tactics to subvert GPCR-mediated immunity.
  • Understanding these microbial GPCR modulators enhances our knowledge of pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions.