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Published on: October 10, 2012
Longitudinal associations between post-traumatic distress and depressive symptoms following a traumatic event: a test
I Schindel-Allon1, I M Aderka, G Shahar
1Psychology Department and Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Israel.
Background:
Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are highly co-morbid following a traumatic event. Nevertheless, decisive evidence regarding the direction of the relationship between these clinical entities is missing.
Method:
The aim of the present study was to examine the nature of this relationship by comparing a synchronous change model (PTSD and depression are time synchronous, possibly stemming from a third common factor) with a demoralization model (i.e. PTSD symptoms causing depression) and a depressogenic model (i.e. depressive symptoms causing PTSD symptoms). Israeli adult victims of single-event traumas (n=156) were assessed on measures of PTSD and depression at 2, 4 and 12 weeks post-event.
Results:
A cross-lagged structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis provided results consistent with the synchronous change model and the depressogenic model.
Conclusions:
Depressive symptoms may play an important role in the development of post-traumatic symptoms.
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