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Related Concept Videos

Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:28

The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP synthesis. The inner membrane domain that forms a smooth layer adjacent to the outer membrane is called the inner boundary membrane. This domain contains membrane transporters that drive metabolites in and out of the mitochondria.  In contrast, the inner membrane network that invaginates into the matrix space is called the cristae membrane. This domain accounts for principle mitochondrial function as it accommodates the protein...
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins (SIRT2) and Specific Protein-substrates
14:32

Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins (SIRT2) and Specific Protein-substrates

Published on: February 27, 2016

Mitochondrial sirtuins.

Jing-Yi Huang1, Matthew D Hirschey, Tadahiro Shimazu

  • 1Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|January 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondrial sirtuins (SIRTs) are key regulators of aging and metabolism. These proteins, including SIRT3, 4, and 5, sense metabolic status and control enzyme activity through acetylation and ADP-ribosylation.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins (SIRT2) and Specific Protein-substrates
14:32

Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins (SIRT2) and Specific Protein-substrates

Published on: February 27, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Metabolism

Background:

  • Sirtuins are crucial proteins involved in aging, stress resistance, and metabolic regulation.
  • Mitochondrial sirtuins (SIRT3, SIRT4, SIRT5) reside in the mitochondrial matrix.
  • Mitochondrial protein acetylation is influenced by nutritional status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss recent advancements in the study of mitochondrial sirtuins.
  • To explore the roles of SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 in metabolic regulation.
  • To highlight the targets and mechanisms of mitochondrial sirtuins.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent findings on mitochondrial sirtuins.
  • Analysis of protein acetylation and deacetylation mechanisms.
  • Discussion of ADP-ribosylation by SIRT4.

Main Results:

  • SIRT3 and SIRT5 are NAD(+)-dependent deacetylases.
  • SIRT4 exhibits mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity.
  • A significant portion of mitochondrial proteins are acetylated, modulated by nutrition.
  • Mitochondrial sirtuins act as metabolic sensors regulating enzyme activity.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial sirtuins play a vital role in metabolic control.
  • These sirtuins modulate metabolic enzyme activity via deacetylation or ADP-ribosylation.
  • Further research on mitochondrial sirtuins is essential for understanding aging and metabolic diseases.