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Related Concept Videos

Surface Active Agents01:27

Surface Active Agents

Surfactants, named for their behavior at interfaces, positively adsorb at the interfaces of two phases, reducing interfacial tension. Their versatility as emulsifiers, detergents, and foaming agents stems from this ability. Surfactants, often termed amphiphiles, share the property of amphipathy, with molecules having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions. The hydrophilic part is called the head, and the hydrophobic part, including an elongated alkyl substituent, forms the tail.Surfactants...
Micelles01:30

Micelles

Micelle formation is an intricate process that hinges on the properties of amphiphilic or amphipathic molecules and the conditions of the system in which they are found. Amphiphilic molecules, which have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) parts, play a critical role in this process.In aqueous environments, these molecules arrange themselves such that their hydrophilic heads are turned towards the water phase, while their hydrophobic tails are oriented away...
Solubility03:00

Solubility

Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Colloids03:22

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
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Studying Surfactant Effects on Hydrate Crystallization at Oil-Water Interfaces Using a Low-Cost Integrated Modular Peltier Device
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Thin liquid film drainage: ionic vs. non-ionic surfactants.

Stoyan I Karakashev1, Dilyana S Ivanova

  • 1Department of Physical Chemistry, Sofia University, 1 James Bourchier av., Sofia 1164, Bulgaria. fhsk@chem.uni-sofia.bg

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|January 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Thin liquid films with ionic surfactants drain slower than those with non-ionic surfactants, especially far from equilibrium. Dynamic electrical double layer effects influence this complex behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Existing theories for thin liquid film (TLF) drainage primarily address non-ionic surfactants.
  • Dynamic effects of the electrical double layer (EDL) during drainage have been theoretically modeled but not experimentally validated.
  • Differences in drainage kinetics between ionic and non-ionic surfactant TLFs remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the drainage rates of TLFs containing ionic surfactants versus non-ionic surfactants.
  • To experimentally reveal the kinetic differences in thinning between these two types of surfactant films.
  • To analyze the influence of dynamic EDL effects on TLF drainage.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation of microscopic planar TLF thinning kinetics.
  • Utilized two non-ionic surfactants (C(8)E(4), C(12)G(2)) and two ionic surfactants (SDS, TPeAB).
  • Compared experimental drainage rates with established theoretical models.

Main Results:

  • TLFs with non-ionic surfactants validated existing drainage theories (Scheludko, Radoev-Manev-Ivanov).
  • TLFs with ionic surfactants exhibited significantly slower drainage rates when far from equilibrium.
  • Near equilibrium, ionic surfactant TLFs followed the drainage behavior predicted for non-ionic surfactants.

Conclusions:

  • Ionic surfactants significantly alter TLF drainage kinetics compared to non-ionic surfactants.
  • The behavior of the electrical double layer under dynamic conditions is complex and impacts drainage.
  • Experimental validation of dynamic EDL effects in ionic surfactant TLFs is crucial.