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UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules01:29

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules

UV–Visible absorption spectra of conjugated dienes arise from the lowest energy π → π* transitions. The light-absorbing part of the molecule is called the chromophore, and the substituents directly attached to the chromophore are called auxochromes. A strong correlation exists between the absorption maxima, λmax, and the structure of a conjugated π system. The Woodward–Fieser rules predict the value of λmax for a given structure by adding the contributions...
Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II01:19

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis
13:31

High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis

Published on: December 22, 2015

Filter wedge spectrometer for field use.

W A Hovis1, W A Kley, M G Strange

  • 1Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt,Maryland 20771, USA.

Applied Optics
|January 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two novel spectrometers using interference filter wedges were developed for field spectral measurements. These instruments successfully operated at high altitudes, demonstrating their value in challenging environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Spectroscopy
  • Optical Engineering
  • Atmospheric Science

Background:

  • Field spectral measurements are crucial for environmental monitoring.
  • Existing spectrometers may face limitations in harsh conditions.
  • Interference filter wedges offer potential for robust spectral analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct and test two spectrometers for field spectral measurements.
  • To evaluate the performance of interference filter wedges in airborne and balloon-borne applications.
  • To demonstrate the utility of these spectrometers in hostile environments.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of two spectrometers utilizing interference filter wedges.
  • One spectrometer operated in the 1.6 to 5.4 micrometer range.
  • The second spectrometer operated in the 7.4 to 14.6 micrometer range.
  • Flight testing of spectrometers in an unpressurized airplane to 12.2 km.
  • Balloon testing of a spectrometer to 33.3 km.

Main Results:

  • Both spectrometers performed well under field conditions.
  • Successful spectral measurements were achieved at high altitudes.
  • The interference filter wedge proved to be a valuable component.

Conclusions:

  • Interference filter wedges are effective for building robust spectrometers.
  • The developed spectrometers are suitable for spectral measurements in hostile environments.
  • This technology advances capabilities for atmospheric and remote sensing.