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Accuracy and Precision

Accuracy and Precision

Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value. Highly accurate measurements...

Accuracy and Precision

Accuracy and Precision

Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value. Highly accurate measurements...

Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision

Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision

Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value.

Uncertainty in Measurement: Reading Instruments

Uncertainty in Measurement: Reading Instruments

Counting is the type of measurement that is free from uncertainty, provided the number of objects being counted does not change during the process. Such measurements result in exact numbers. By counting the eggs in a carton, for instance, one can determine exactly how many eggs are there in the carton. Similarly, the numbers of defined quantities are also exact. For example, 1 foot is exactly 12 inches, 1 inch is exactly 2.54 centimeters, and 1 gram is exactly 0.001 kilograms. Quantities...

Rules for Significant Figures

Rules for Significant Figures

In any measurement, the precision of the measuring tool is an essential factor. An ordinary ruler, for example, can measure length to the closest millimeter; a caliper, on the other hand, can measure length to the nearest 0.01 mm. As a result, the caliper is a more precise measurement tool because it can measure extremely minute changes in length. The measurements will be more accurate if the measuring tool is more precise.
It should be emphasized that when we represent measured values, the...

Uncertainty in Measurement: Significant Figures

Uncertainty in Measurement: Significant Figures

All the digits in a measurement, including the uncertain last digit, are called significant figures or significant digits. Note that zero may be a measured value; for example, if a scale that shows weight to the nearest pound reads “140,” then the 1 (hundreds), 4 (tens), and 0 (ones) are all significant (measured) values.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Measurement of Spatial Stability in Precision Grip

Measurement of Spatial Stability in Precision Grip

Published on: June 4, 2020

Precise measurement of planeness.

G Schulz¹, J Schwider

¹Institut für Optik und Spektroskopie,Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Berlin-Adlershof, Germany.

|January 12, 2010

Summary

This study reviews interference methods for precisely measuring surface deviations from ideal flatness. New relative and absolute methods enhance measurement accuracy without needing liquid surfaces.

Area of Science:

Optical metrology
Surface metrology
Interferometry

Background:

Accurate measurement of surface planeness is critical in precision engineering.
Traditional interference methods have limitations in absolute planeness determination.
Advancements are needed for non-contact, high-precision surface analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and present advanced interference methods for measuring surface deviations from ideal flatness.
To introduce novel relative and absolute interference techniques for enhanced precision.
To detail methods applicable without requiring a liquid surface reference.

Main Methods:

Review of established interference techniques, including two- and multiple-beam fringes (equal thickness, equal inclination).

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Precision Measurements and Parametric Models of Vertebral Endplates

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Measurement of Spatial Stability in Precision Grip

Measurement of Spatial Stability in Precision Grip

Published on: June 4, 2020

Precision Measurements and Parametric Models of Vertebral Endplates

Precision Measurements and Parametric Models of Vertebral Endplates

Published on: September 17, 2019

Utilization of relative methods to compare planeness between surfaces.

Development of absolute methods using relative measurements and advanced fringe analysis (superposition fringes, arbitrary central sections).

Main Results:

Demonstration of high-exactness measurement of optically flat surface deviations.
Introduction of a relative method using superposition fringes for increased precision.
Presentation of an absolute method for determining deviations from arbitrary central sections using four interference photographs.

Conclusions:

Interference methods, particularly novel relative and absolute techniques, offer high precision for surface planeness measurements.
The developed methods provide accurate surface analysis without the need for liquid surfaces.
These advancements contribute to improved quality control in precision manufacturing.