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IR Spectrometers

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...

IR Spectrum

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...

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Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

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Spectral purity for far infrared grating spectroscopy.

E D Nelson¹, J Y Wong

¹Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.

|January 12, 2010

Summary

A new far infrared spectrometer achieves over 95% spectral purity using Ebert-type grating and specialized filters. This advancement is crucial for precise far infrared spectroscopy and solid-state physics research.

Area of Science:

Spectroscopy
Solid-state physics
Far infrared (FIR) technology

Background:

Far infrared spectroscopy requires high spectral purity for accurate measurements.
Existing instruments may have limitations in spectral purity and efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

To construct and characterize a far infrared grating spectrometer.
To develop and present a method for quantitatively measuring spectral purity.
To evaluate the performance of reflection filter gratings in the FIR range.

Main Methods:

Construction of an Ebert-type grating spectrometer for the 10-160 cm(-1) range.
Quantitative measurement of spectral purity using a novel technique.
Analysis of filter curves for reflection gratings with varying polarization.

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Comparison of measured purity with absorption experiments.

Main Results:

The spectrometer achieved a spectral purity exceeding 95% across most of its operating range.
Reflection filter gratings demonstrated high efficiency and sharp cutoff characteristics.
Polarization effects from filters were minimal under specific incidence conditions.

Conclusions:

The developed Ebert-type spectrometer offers high spectral purity for FIR research.
Optimized filter grating usage minimizes polarization effects, enhancing usability.
The instrument is suitable for advanced solid-state physics research requiring precise FIR measurements.