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Related Concept Videos

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law01:09

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law

The Beer-Lambert law describes the relationship between absorbance and concentration, which combines the principles established by scientists Johann Heinrich Lambert and August Beer. Lambert's law states that when light passes through a medium, the loss in intensity is directly proportional to the original intensity and the path length of the light. Beer's law proposed that the transmittance of a solution remains constant if the product of concentration and path length is constant. The modern...
Spectrophotometry: Introduction01:16

Spectrophotometry: Introduction

Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
The essential components of a spectrophotometer include a source of electromagnetic radiation, a slot for placing a material to be analyzed, and a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy: Getting the Capillary Refill Test Under One's Thumb
06:50

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy: Getting the Capillary Refill Test Under One's Thumb

Published on: December 2, 2017

A bidirectional reflectance accessory for spectroscopic measurements.

G R Hunt1, H P Ross

  • 1Lunar Planetary Research Branch,AFCRL, Bedford, Massachusetts 01370, USA.

Applied Optics
|January 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary

A new dual beam bidirectional reflectance attachment allows versatile sample analysis. This instrument is crucial for interpreting remote sensing data from Earth and other planets.

Area of Science:

  • Optics and Spectroscopy
  • Remote Sensing Technology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Bidirectional reflectance measurements are essential for understanding surface properties.
  • Existing methods may have limitations in sample versatility or incident light angles.
  • Interpreting remote sensing data requires accurate spectral information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a novel dual beam bidirectional reflectance attachment.
  • To demonstrate the attachment's capability for analyzing diverse sample types.
  • To validate the attachment's utility in remote sensing data interpretation.

Main Methods:

  • The attachment allows sample tilting to +/- 45 degrees.
  • Incident light impinges on the sample from above, enabling unrestricted sample types.

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  • Reflectance spectra and indicatrices were measured for various materials.
  • Main Results:

    • The attachment successfully acquired reflectance spectra for multiple materials.
    • Indicatrices for both specular and diffuse reflectors were generated.
    • The data obtained are suitable for remote sensing applications.

    Conclusions:

    • The described dual beam bidirectional reflectance attachment offers significant advantages in sample versatility.
    • The instrument provides high-quality spectral data crucial for remote sensing.
    • This technology aids in the interpretation of terrestrial and planetary surface characteristics.