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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...

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Applying X-ray Imaging Crystal Spectroscopy for Use as a High Temperature Plasma Diagnostic
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An echelle spectrometer-spectrograph for astronomical use.

D J Schroeder1

  • 1Space Astronomy Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, USA.

Applied Optics
|January 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new echelle spectrometer-spectrograph designed for astronomical studies offers high dispersion and spectral purity. Laboratory tests confirm its potential for detailed stellar and nebular research.

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Area of Science:

  • Astronomy and Astrophysics
  • Optical Instrumentation

Background:

  • Astronomical observations require high-resolution spectroscopic instruments.
  • The Cassegrain focus of telescopes provides a suitable location for mounting compact instruments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and evaluate a compact echelle spectrometer-spectrograph for astronomical applications.
  • To assess the instrument's performance for stellar and nebular studies.

Main Methods:

  • Design of a compact echelle spectrometer-spectrograph for the University of Wisconsin 91-cm telescope.
  • Laboratory testing of the instrument's spectral resolution and purity.
  • Development of a method to determine the echelle blaze profile.

Main Results:

  • The instrument achieves high dispersion (2.5 A/mm at 5000 A) and spectral purity (1.25 A/mm).
  • Laboratory spectra of various sources were obtained and analyzed.
  • The echelle blaze profile determination method was discussed.

Conclusions:

  • The designed echelle spectrometer-spectrograph demonstrates significant potential for advanced stellar and nebular research.
  • The instrument's high dispersion and spectral purity make it valuable for detailed astrophysical investigations.