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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter
05:14

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter

Published on: September 16, 2025

Automatic interferometer with digital readout for refractometric analysis.

W Kinder, J Neumann, H Plesse

    Applied Optics
    |January 12, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces an automatic interference refractometer for precise liquid and gas measurements. It utilizes advanced photoelectric and optointerferometric techniques for accurate digital or analog readouts.

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    Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

    Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter
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    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

    Published on: August 12, 2013

    Area of Science:

    • Optics
    • Physical Chemistry
    • Instrumentation

    Background:

    • Refractometry is crucial for analyzing fluid properties.
    • Existing methods may lack automation or precision.
    • Interference refractometry offers high sensitivity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an automated interference refractometer.
    • To enable precise measurement of refractive indices for liquids and gases.
    • To implement a robust zero-adjustment and measurement system.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a compensating technique with white light for interference measurements.
    • Employed photoelectric means for zero-order fringe detection and adjustment.
    • Applied electronic interpolation and optointerferometric fringe counting for path difference measurement.
    • Implemented time division multiplex with pulse amplitude modulation for signal acquisition.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated an automated interference refractometer with digital/analog output.
    • Achieved accurate zero adjustment via photoelectric fringe capture.
    • Successfully measured path differences using electronic interpolation and fringe counting.
    • Obtained reliable electrical fringe signals through advanced modulation techniques.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed interference refractometer provides an automated and precise solution for fluid analysis.
    • The combination of white light compensation, photoelectric detection, and optointerferometric methods ensures high accuracy.
    • This instrument is suitable for both liquids and gases, offering versatile applications in scientific research and industry.