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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:

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Micro-Colony Forming Unit Assay for Efficacy Evaluation of Vaccines Against Tuberculosis
06:26

Micro-Colony Forming Unit Assay for Efficacy Evaluation of Vaccines Against Tuberculosis

Published on: July 28, 2023

Tuberculosis vaccine.

Mohammed A Sarhan1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, Abha 61413, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. mohammed_sarhan@yahoo.com

Saudi Medical Journal
|January 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health threat. New vaccine development, including novel strains and subunit/DNA vaccines, is urgently needed to combat active TB in adults, as current options show limited efficacy.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading infectious cause of death, claiming 1.6 million lives annually, predominantly in developing nations.
  • The current Bacille Calmette and Guerin (BCG) vaccine effectively protects newborns against severe disseminated TB but demonstrates limited efficacy against active pulmonary TB in adults.
  • Clinical studies highlight the inadequacy of existing vaccines, underscoring the urgent need for improved TB prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape and urgent need for novel vaccine candidates against tuberculosis.
  • To explore promising avenues for next-generation TB vaccines beyond the limitations of BCG.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing TB vaccines and emerging vaccine technologies.
  • Analysis of clinical study outcomes regarding BCG efficacy in different age groups.
  • Identification and categorization of novel vaccine approaches.

Main Results:

  • BCG's efficacy is well-established in infants but inconsistent in adults with active TB.
  • Significant research is underway to develop alternative TB vaccines.
  • Promising strategies include live-attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, recombinant BCG, subunit vaccines, and DNA vaccines.

Conclusions:

  • The development of a new, more effective tuberculosis vaccine is critical to significantly reduce the global burden of this deadly disease.
  • Advancements in vaccinology offer multiple promising avenues for next-generation TB vaccines.
  • Continued research and development are essential to address the unmet need for robust TB protection in all populations.