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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...

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Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification (ChIRP)
11:09

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Published on: March 25, 2012

Long noncoding RNAs, chromatin, and development.

Daniel P Caley1, Ryan C Pink, Daniel Trujillano

  • 1School of Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, UK. d.p.caley@brookes.ac.uk

Thescientificworldjournal
|January 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key regulators of epigenetics. These molecules guide chromatin modifications, controlling gene expression and cell differentiation, offering potential therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Multicellular organisms develop from a single cell through complex cell differentiation.
  • Differential gene expression, regulated by epigenetic modifications like DNA and histone methylation, defines cell types.
  • The precise regulation of epigenetic modifications across the genome remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent evidence implicating long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in epigenetic regulation.
  • To explore the functional roles of lncRNAs beyond transcriptional noise.
  • To highlight the potential of lncRNAs in developmental processes and therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature and research findings.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the interaction between lncRNAs and chromatin-modifying proteins.
  • Exploration of the role of lncRNAs in mediating epigenetic modifications at specific genomic loci.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs function as crucial tethers and guides, recruiting chromatin-modifying proteins to specific genomic locations.
  • lncRNAs play a central role in developmental regulation by determining cell-type-specific epigenetic states and transcriptional networks.
  • lncRNAs integrate external differentiation signals with dynamic nuclear responses by regulating a metastable epigenome.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are not merely transcriptional byproducts but are integral to epigenetic control and cell fate determination.
  • Understanding the lncRNA-protein interactome is essential for deciphering epigenetic regulation.
  • Targeting lncRNAs offers a promising avenue for developing novel epigenetic therapies for diseases like cancer.