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Related Concept Videos

Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Visualization of Replisome Encounters with an Antigen Tagged Blocking Lesion
08:24

Visualization of Replisome Encounters with an Antigen Tagged Blocking Lesion

Published on: July 27, 2021

FANCD2 hurdles the DNA interstrand crosslink.

George-Lucian Moldovan1, Alan D D'Andrea

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

Cell
|January 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

DNA interstrand crosslinks are DNA damage that block replication. The Fanconi Anemia protein FANCD2 is shown to promote multiple steps in the complex crosslink repair process.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) pose significant threats to genome integrity.
  • ICLs block DNA replication, necessitating efficient repair pathways.
  • The Fanconi Anemia (FA) pathway is crucial for ICL repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of the Fanconi Anemia protein FANCD2 in ICL repair.
  • To investigate how FANCD2 facilitates multiple steps in the crosslink removal process.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical reconstitution assays.
  • Enzyme kinetics studies.
  • Analysis of FANCD2's interaction with repair intermediates.

Main Results:

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Quantitative Detection of DNA-Protein Crosslinks and Their Post-Translational Modifications
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Quantitative Detection of DNA-Protein Crosslinks and Their Post-Translational Modifications

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Capturing Common Fragile Site Breaks by Native γH2A.X ChIP
09:46

Capturing Common Fragile Site Breaks by Native γH2A.X ChIP

Published on: January 24, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Visualization of Replisome Encounters with an Antigen Tagged Blocking Lesion
08:24

Visualization of Replisome Encounters with an Antigen Tagged Blocking Lesion

Published on: July 27, 2021

Quantitative Detection of DNA-Protein Crosslinks and Their Post-Translational Modifications
10:12

Quantitative Detection of DNA-Protein Crosslinks and Their Post-Translational Modifications

Published on: April 21, 2023

Capturing Common Fragile Site Breaks by Native γH2A.X ChIP
09:46

Capturing Common Fragile Site Breaks by Native γH2A.X ChIP

Published on: January 24, 2025

  • FANCD2 directly promotes multiple enzymatic steps in ICL repair.
  • FANCD2 acts as a scaffold, coordinating different repair factors.
  • The study provides mechanistic insights into FANCD2's function.

    • Conclusions:

    • FANCD2 is a key regulator orchestrating the Fanconi Anemia pathway for ICL repair.
    • Understanding FANCD2's role is critical for comprehending DNA damage response and potential therapeutic strategies.