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Batteries and Fuel Cells

A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Synthesis of Platinum-nickel Nanowires and Optimization for Oxygen Reduction Performance
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Published on: April 27, 2018

Nanostructured catalysts in fuel cells.

Chuan-Jian Zhong1, Jin Luo, Bin Fang

  • 1Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA. cjzhong@binghamton.edu

Nanotechnology
|January 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed advanced nanostructured catalysts for fuel cells, focusing on multimetallic nanoparticles. These novel catalysts demonstrate significantly enhanced electrocatalytic activity and stability, paving the way for commercialization.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Fuel cell commercialization faces challenges in catalyst cost, activity, and durability.
  • Traditional catalyst preparation methods lack precise control over nanoscale properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in nanoengineered multimetallic catalysts for fuel cells.
  • To highlight methods for controlling nanoparticle size, shape, composition, and morphology.
  • To discuss the electrocatalytic performance and stability of these advanced catalysts.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of multimetallic nanoparticles (1-10 nm) using nanoengineering.
  • Synthesis of various compositions (e.g., alloys, core@shell) with controlled elements (Pt, Co, Ni, V, Fe, Cu, Pd, W, Ag, Au).
  • Evaluation of electrocatalytic performance in fuel cell reactions.

Main Results:

  • Nanoengineered catalysts exhibit controllable size, composition, and morphology.
  • Bimetallic gold-platinum nanoparticles show unique single-phase character at the nanoscale.
  • Trimetallic catalysts (e.g., PtVFe, PtNiFe) display 4-5 times higher activity than pure platinum.
  • Insights into nanoparticle-support interactions and sintering control were gained.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoengineering offers precise control over catalyst properties, overcoming limitations of bulk materials.
  • Advanced nanostructured catalysts, particularly multimetallic systems, show promise for high activity and stability.
  • This approach provides a foundation for designing next-generation fuel cell catalysts with optimized performance.