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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...

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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains
12:28

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains

Published on: June 3, 2020

Update on frontotemporal dementia.

Zoe Arvanitakis1

  • 1Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Alzheimer Disease Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.

The Neurologist
|January 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a common cause of early-onset dementia. Current research focuses on understanding its pathophysiology and developing effective treatments for this condition.

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Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is increasingly recognized as a significant cause of dementia in younger individuals.
  • Understanding FTD is crucial for improving diagnosis and care for early-onset dementia patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of the clinical evaluation, pathophysiology, and management strategies for frontotemporal dementia.
  • To synthesize current knowledge on FTD for clinicians and researchers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current clinical evaluation methods for FTD.
  • Analysis of recent advances in understanding FTD pathophysiology, including molecular and genetic factors.
  • Summary of current management approaches for FTD.

Main Results:

  • FTD presents mainly as behavioral changes (e.g., disinhibition, apathy) or language impairments (e.g., primary progressive aphasia, semantic dementia).
  • Differential diagnosis involves other neurodegenerative, vascular, and psychiatric conditions.
  • Investigations like neuropsychological testing and brain imaging aid diagnosis; ubiquitin and tau inclusions, along with genetic mutations (e.g., in tau, progranulin genes), are key pathological findings.
  • Management includes symptomatic treatments, environmental modifications, and care planning.

Conclusions:

  • Ongoing research aims to identify disease-modifying drugs and ultimately find a cure for frontotemporal dementia.
  • Further investigation into FTD pathophysiology and genetics is essential for therapeutic development.