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Related Concept Videos

Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

Overview
Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
Classification of Leukocytes01:30

Classification of Leukocytes

Leukocytes are classified into two groups based on the presence or absence of cytoplasmic granules. Granular leukocytes, which contain granules, belong to the myeloid lineage and are divided into three subtypes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. These cells are roughly spherical and characterized by the granules in their cytoplasm.
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granular leukocytes, comprising 50-70% of all leukocytes. They feature small, evenly distributed granules and a...
Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Quantification of Monocyte Transmigration and Foam Cell Formation from Individuals with Chronic Inflammatory Conditions
09:41

Quantification of Monocyte Transmigration and Foam Cell Formation from Individuals with Chronic Inflammatory Conditions

Published on: October 17, 2017

Monocytes in atherosclerosis: subsets and functions.

Kevin J Woollard1, Frederic Geissmann

  • 1Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation (CMCBI), Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Diseases (DIIID), Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. kevin.woollard@kcl.ac.uk

Nature Reviews. Cardiology
|January 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic inflammation fuels atherosclerosis by recruiting immune cells like monocytes to form plaques. Further research is needed to understand how monocyte functions impact plaque development and rupture, crucial for cardiovascular disease.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Quantification of Monocyte Transmigration and Foam Cell Formation from Individuals with Chronic Inflammatory Conditions
09:41

Quantification of Monocyte Transmigration and Foam Cell Formation from Individuals with Chronic Inflammatory Conditions

Published on: October 17, 2017

Characterization of Human Monocyte Subsets by Whole Blood Flow Cytometry Analysis
09:12

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Published on: October 17, 2018

Simultaneous Study of the Recruitment of Monocyte Subpopulations Under Flow In Vitro
09:16

Simultaneous Study of the Recruitment of Monocyte Subpopulations Under Flow In Vitro

Published on: November 26, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Chronic inflammation is a key driver of atherosclerosis, the primary cause of cardiovascular disease.
  • Immune cell accumulation, particularly leukocytes, contributes to the development of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques.
  • Vulnerable plaques can rupture, leading to thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of monocyte recruitment and their specific functions in atherosclerotic plaque development and rupture.
  • To elucidate the precise mechanisms by which monocytes contribute to the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.
  • To determine if monocyte effector functions are critical for plaque progression and cardiovascular events.

Main Methods:

  • The study requires experiments to analyze monocyte populations and their functions within atherosclerotic plaques.
  • Methods will focus on assessing monocyte recruitment, differentiation into macrophages, and key effector functions.
  • Investigating foam cell formation, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production, and proteolysis by plaque macrophages.

Main Results:

  • Data indicate that monocytes are recruited to plaques and differentiate into macrophages, which are abundant in atherosclerotic lesions.
  • Monocyte heterogeneity suggests distinct roles in plaque pathogenesis.
  • Specific monocyte effector functions are hypothesized to be critical but require experimental validation.

Conclusions:

  • Immune cell involvement, especially monocytes, is central to atherosclerosis pathogenesis.
  • Understanding monocyte recruitment and function is essential for developing targeted therapies for cardiovascular disease.
  • Further experimental research is necessary to confirm the precise mechanisms and critical roles of monocytes in plaque development and rupture.