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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats

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Published on: January 18, 2013

Triadic and collaborative play by gorillas in social games with objects.

Joanne E Tanner¹, Richard W Byrne

¹Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution and Scottish Primate Research Group, School of Psychology, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, Scotland, UK. gorilvr@cruzio.com

Animal Cognition

|January 13, 2010

Summary

Gorillas engage in complex, collaborative object play, challenging previous assumptions about great ape social behavior. This research highlights their sophisticated communication and social interactions during games.

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Area of Science:

Primatology
Comparative Psychology
Ethology

Background:

Previous research suggested non-human great apes, unlike human children, lack object-involved social play.
Only bonobos were previously observed engaging in object-focused social play.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether gorillas exhibit collaborative, object-oriented social play similar to human children.
To challenge assertions of lacking key characteristics in great ape collaborative play.

Main Methods:

Videotaping of zoo gorillas playing with objects over five years.
Observation of five different gorilla pairings during playful, competitive interactions.

Main Results:

Gorillas engage in triadic, collaborative object play, involving shared attention to objects like balls and bags.
Gorillas use gaze and gestures to invite interaction, share play patterns, and re-engage after breaks.
Older gorillas sometimes 'self-handicap' to encourage play with younger partners.

Conclusions:

Gorillas exhibit complex social play with objects, demonstrating collaborative behaviors previously thought unique to humans.
Gorilla collaborative games may develop later in life and are influenced by environmental factors.
This study reframes our understanding of social cognition and play in non-human great apes.