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Related Concept Videos

Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin of...
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Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

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Programming DNA replication origins and chromosome organization.

Christelle Cayrou1, Philippe Coulombe, Marcel Méchali

  • 1Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, 141 Rue de la Cardonille, 34980 Montpellier, France.

Chromosome Research : an International Journal on the Molecular, Supramolecular and Evolutionary Aspects of Chromosome Biology
|January 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

DNA replication origins in metazoans are plastic, not sequence-specific. Epigenetic factors like chromatin structure and chromosome organization likely guide origin selection for the next cell cycle.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Metazoan DNA replication involves thousands of origins activated per cell cycle.
  • Replication origin usage and organization exhibit plasticity, unlike prokaryotic or yeast origins.
  • Strict sequence specificity is not observed for metazoan DNA replication origins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review epigenetic features governing DNA replication origin selection.
  • To discuss how chromosomal architecture prepares origins during mitosis for subsequent cell cycles.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epigenetic regulation in DNA replication.
  • Analysis of chromatin structure, chromosome organization, and transcription's role.
  • Discussion of mitotic preparation of replication origins.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic regulation, including chromatin and chromosome organization, is crucial for origin selection.
  • Replication origin usage is plastic and not strictly sequence-dependent.
  • Chromosomal architecture established during mitosis may predetermine origin activation.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms are key to understanding DNA replication origin plasticity in metazoans.
  • Chromosomal organization during mitosis plays a significant role in preparing replication origins for the next cell cycle.