Physical therapy management of primary lymphedema in the lower extremities: A case report

Lymphedema is the tissue fluid accumulation that arises as a consequence of impaired lymphatic drainage. Lymphedema can result from either congenital (primary) or acquired (secondary) anomalies. Primary lymphedema affects 1-2 million people in the United States. Women are more affected by this disorder than men. The management of lymphedema by physical therapists usually includes a combination of skin care, external pressure, isotonic exercise, and massage. This case report describes the course of treatment for a 24-year-old female with stages 2 and 3 primary lymphedema. The goals of physical therapy intervention were as follows: 1) to reduce total limb girth circumference for both lower extremities; 2) to improve skin texture; 3) to promote independence with skin care to reduce the risk of infection; and 4) to facilitate independence with self-management. Following intervention, the patient met and exceeded all goals to decrease limb circumference. She had minimal fibrosis in the lower extremities, and she exhibited no signs and/or symptoms of infection. Decongestive lymphedema therapy was effective in treating this patient with primary lymphedema of the lower extremities. Continuous maintenance is required to ensure that the patient's limb size continues to reduce.