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Dosage Regimen: Individualization

Dosage Regimen: Individualization

Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...

Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose

Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose

Fixed-dose regimens are a common approach to administer drugs to achieve and maintain desired levels of the drug in the body. In this dosing strategy, a specific amount of medication is given at regular intervals, often multiple times a day, to ensure a consistent drug concentration in the bloodstream.
Fixed-dose regimens can be used for various routes of administration, including intravenous (IV) injections and oral medications. For IV administration, a predetermined amount of the drug is...

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters

It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations

Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is commonly administered via intermittent intravenous infusion to treat severe infections. An intermittent one-hour infusion of gentamicin, administered at eight-hour intervals, allows for precise control of plasma drug concentrations, minimizing toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacokinetic principles govern the dynamics of plasma concentrations and can be mathematically described using specific equations.The plasma drug concentration...

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...

Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose

Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose

A rational dosage regimen considers a drug's pharmacokinetics, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination from the body. By understanding these factors, the appropriate dosage can be determined, and the dosing schedule can be designed to achieve and maintain the desired therapeutic effect while minimizing adverse effects.
In most cases, drugs are administered repetitively or infused continuously to maintain a steady-state concentration in the body. At a steady state,...

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Related Experiment Video

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Creating Matched In vivo/In vitro Patient-Derived Model Pairs of PDX and PDX-Derived Organoids for Cancer Pharmacology Research

Creating Matched In vivo/In vitro Patient-Derived Model Pairs of PDX and PDX-Derived Organoids for Cancer Pharmacology Research

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Individualizing dosing of irinotecan.

Mark J Ratain¹, Federico Innocenti

¹Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, and Cancer Research Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. mratain@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu

Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research

|January 14, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Individualized drug dosing aims to optimize cancer treatment. Irinotecan, an anticancer drug, is a promising candidate for personalized dosing due to its complex metabolism and known pharmacokinetic predictors.

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Published on: March 11, 2021

Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Oncology
Drug Metabolism

Background:

Individualized drug dosing is a key goal in clinical pharmacology.
This approach is particularly relevant for anticancer agents due to their narrow therapeutic index.
Irinotecan's complex metabolism and understood pharmacokinetic predictors make it suitable for personalized dosing strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the potential of individualized dosing for irinotecan in oncology.
To highlight the importance of pharmacokinetics in optimizing anticancer drug therapy.

Main Methods:

Review of existing pharmacokinetic data for irinotecan.
Analysis of metabolic pathways and predictor variables.
Assessment of therapeutic index in relation to dosing.

Main Results:

Irinotecan exhibits complex metabolic pathways.
Several pharmacokinetic predictors for irinotecan have been identified.
These factors support the rationale for individualized dosing.

Conclusions:

Individualized dosing of irinotecan holds significant promise for improving cancer treatment outcomes.
Further research into personalized irinotecan dosing is warranted.