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Related Concept Videos

Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Silencing of BRCA2 to Identify Novel BRCA2-regulated Biological Functions in Cultured Human Cells
09:24

Silencing of BRCA2 to Identify Novel BRCA2-regulated Biological Functions in Cultured Human Cells

Published on: August 12, 2015

Transcriptional autoregulation by BRCA1.

Adriana De Siervi1, Paola De Luca, Jung S Byun

  • 1Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-5065, USA.

Cancer Research
|January 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The BRCA1 gene regulates genome integrity and its own transcription. DNA damage disrupts a repressive complex, increasing BRCA1 expression to maintain genomic stability.

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

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Identifying the Effects of BRCA1 Mutations on Homologous Recombination using Cells that Express Endogenous Wild-type BRCA1
08:53

Identifying the Effects of BRCA1 Mutations on Homologous Recombination using Cells that Express Endogenous Wild-type BRCA1

Published on: February 17, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • The BRCA1 gene product is crucial for maintaining genome integrity.
  • BRCA1's role in DNA damage response is well-studied, but its function as a transcriptional coregulator is less understood.
  • BRCA1 mutations are linked to hereditary breast and ovarian cancers, and altered expression is common in sporadic breast cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the autoregulation of BRCA1 transcription.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which BRCA1 controls its own expression.
  • To understand the link between BRCA1's coregulatory function and its expression control.

Main Methods:

  • Tandem chromatin immunoprecipitation studies.
  • Analysis of BRCA1 transcriptional regulation in response to genotoxic stress.
  • Investigation of protein complexes involving BRCA1, E2F-1, and RB.

Main Results:

  • BRCA1, E2F-1, and RB form a repressive complex that inhibits BRCA1 promoter transcription.
  • Genotoxic stress disrupts this complex, leading to BRCA1's displacement from its promoter.
  • BRCA1 depletion upregulates BRCA1 transcripts, while overexpression downregulates them, indicating autoregulation.

Conclusions:

  • A novel autoregulatory transcriptional loop controls BRCA1 expression.
  • This mechanism involves a dynamic coregulatory complex at the BRCA1 promoter.
  • BRCA1 levels are selectively titrated to maintain genome integrity following genotoxic insult.