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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature01:27

Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature

Atomization, converting samples into gas-phase atoms and ions, is essential for atomic spectroscopy. The flame temperature required for atomization affects the efficiency of the atomic spectroscopic methods by increasing the atomization efficiency and the relative population of the excited and ground states.
At thermal equilibrium, the relative populations of excited and ground state atoms can be estimated using the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. For example, an increase in temperature from...
Flame Photometry: Overview01:02

Flame Photometry: Overview

Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the aerosol...
Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which are...
Flame Photometry: Lab01:16

Flame Photometry: Lab

In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...

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Flame Experiments at the Advanced Light Source: New Insights into Soot Formation Processes
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Atomic absorption spectroscopy with high temperature flames.

J B Willis

    Applied Optics
    |January 14, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    High-temperature flames, particularly nitrous oxide-acetylene, are crucial for atomic absorption spectroscopy of refractory metals. This study details their development, burner design, and analytical applications.

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    Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

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    Combustion Chemistry of Fuels: Quantitative Speciation Data Obtained from an Atmospheric High-temperature Flow Reactor with Coupled Molecular-beam Mass Spectrometer

    Published on: February 19, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Analytical Chemistry
    • Spectroscopy
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) requires high-temperature flames for analyzing metals forming refractory oxides.
    • Development of suitable flames and burner systems is essential for accurate elemental analysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the historical development of high-temperature flames for AAS.
    • To describe principles of premix burner design for refractory oxide analysis.
    • To evaluate nitrous oxide-acetylene flames for chemical analysis.

    Main Methods:

    • Historical review of flame development for AAS.
    • Description of premix burner design principles.
    • Analysis of nebulizer-burner systems.
    • Characterization of oxygen-acetylene and nitrous oxide-acetylene flames.

    Main Results:

    • High-temperature flames, like nitrous oxide-acetylene, have been developed for refractory metal analysis.
    • Premix burner design principles for these flames are outlined.
    • The structure and emission characteristics of key flames are presented.

    Conclusions:

    • Nitrous oxide-acetylene flames offer significant advantages for atomic absorption measurement of refractory oxides.
    • Understanding burner design and flame characteristics is key to optimizing analytical performance.
    • The scope and limitations of nitrous oxide-acetylene flames in chemical analysis are defined.