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Related Concept Videos

Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
Transmission-Line Differential Equations01:26

Transmission-Line Differential Equations

Transmission lines are essential components of electrical power systems. They are characterized by the distributed nature of resistance (R), inductance (L), and capacitance (C) per unit length. To analyze these lines, differential equations are employed to model the variations in voltage and current along the line.
Line Section Model
A circuit representing a line section of length Δx helps in understanding the transmission line parameters. The voltage V(x) and current i(x) are measured from the...
Propagation of Waves01:07

Propagation of Waves

When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...
Boundary Conditions: Lossless Lines01:21

Boundary Conditions: Lossless Lines

Consider a single-phase, two-wire, lossless transmission line terminated by an impedance at the receiving end and a source with Thevenin voltage and impedance at the sending end. The line, with length, has a surge impedance and wave velocity determined by the line's inductance and capacitance.
At the receiving end, the boundary condition states that the voltage equals the product of the receiving-end impedance and current. This relationship is expressed as a function of the incident and...
Boundary Conditions for Current Density01:25

Boundary Conditions for Current Density

Current density becomes discontinuous across an interface of materials with different electrical conductivities. The normal component of the current density is continuous across the boundary.
Reflection of Waves01:07

Reflection of Waves

When a wave travels from one medium to another, it gets reflected at the boundary of the second medium. A common example of this is when a person yells at a distance from a cliff and hears the echo of their voice. The sound waves (longitudinal waves) traveling in the air are reflected from the bounding cliff. Similarly, flipping one end of a string whose other end is tied to a wall causes a pulse (transverse wave) to travel through the string, which gets reflected upon reaching the wall. In...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Interfacial Molecular-level Structures of Polymers and Biomacromolecules Revealed via Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy
09:43

Interfacial Molecular-level Structures of Polymers and Biomacromolecules Revealed via Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy

Published on: August 13, 2019

Reflection and transmission coefficients for a diffused interface.

J Nemec, G Tyras

    Applied Optics
    |January 14, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study analyzes how light reflects and transmits through inhomogeneous layers between two media. It details the relationship between coefficients, wavelength, and material properties, offering new approximate formulas.

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    The Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance Technique for Thermal Property Measurements
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    The Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance Technique for Thermal Property Measurements

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    Area of Science:

    • Electromagnetism and Optics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Understanding electromagnetic wave interaction with layered materials is crucial.
    • Inhomogeneous layers present unique challenges compared to homogeneous ones.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate reflection and transmission coefficients for inhomogeneous layers.
    • To explore the influence of permittivity profiles and homogeneous media properties.
    • To develop approximate expressions for these coefficients.

    Main Methods:

    • Analyzing reflection and transmission coefficients.
    • Investigating two distinct permittivity profiles.
    • Utilizing input impedance and ray theory for explanations.
    • Graphical presentation of results.

    Main Results:

    • Detailed relationships between coefficients, wavelength, and permittivity were found.
    • Magnitude and phase variations were clearly illustrated.
    • Approximate expressions derived for specific inhomogeneous layer variations.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides a comprehensive analysis of wave propagation through inhomogeneous layers.
    • Graphical and theoretical insights enhance understanding of electromagnetic behavior.
    • Derived approximate formulas offer practical applications in optical and electromagnetic design.